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Physiology > Physiology- Renal II > Flashcards

Physiology- Renal II Flashcards

0
Q

Major function of nephrons

A

Reabsorption of NaCl and water

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1
Q

3 basic process involving formation of urine

A

Ultrafiltration of plasma by glomerulus
Reabsorption of water and solutes from ultrafiltrate
Secretion of of selected solutes into tubular fluid

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2
Q

What gets reabsorbed in proximal tubule

A 
65% of filtered:
Na
Cl
K
Water
Urea
90% of filtered:
Bicarbonate
Almost all of filtered:
Glucose
Amino acids
Phosphate
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3
Q

What gets secreted at proximal tubule

A 
Hydrogen ions
Drug toxins
Organic acids and bases
-bile salts
-oxalates
-irate
-catecholamines
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4
Q

How much NaCl is reabsorbed in loop of henle?

A

25%

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5
Q

How much water is reabsorbed in loop of henle

A

15%

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6
Q

What is loop of henle responsible for

A

Urinary concentrating ability

-generation of hypertonic medullary interstitium=countercurrent multiplication

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7
Q

What gets reabsorbed in loop of henle

A

NaCl
Water
Calcium
Magnesium

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8
Q

Major segments of loop of henle

A

Descending thin limb

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9
Q

Descending thin limb highly permeable to

A

Water

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10
Q

Descending thin limb impermeable to

A

NaCl

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11
Q

Ascending thin limb does reabsorption of

A

NaCl

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12
Q

Ascending thin limb impermeable to

A

Water

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13
Q

Ascending thick limb does reabsorption of

A

NaCl
Na
K
2Cl

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14
Q

Ascending thick limb impermeable to

A

Water

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15
Q

Which part of loop of henle is the primary target of loop diuretics

A

Ascending thick limb

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16
Q

How does loop of henle contribute to urine concentrating ability

A

By establishing hypertonic medullary interstitium

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17
Q

How is hypertonic medullary interstitium created

A

Reabsorption without water dilutes tubular fluid and increases osmolality of interstitial fluid surrounding thick ascending loop of henle

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18
Q

What is reabsorbed at distal tubule

A

5% NaCl

Ca

19
Q

What works to reabsorbe NaCl at distal tubule

A

Thiazides

20
Q

What is ca reabsorption stimulated by in distal tubule

A

Parathyroid hormone

21
Q

Major divisions of collecting duct

A

Cortical collecting duct

Medullary collecting duct

22
Q

Role of collecting duct

A

Regulates final composition of urine
Reabsorbs 4-5% of filtered Na
Important for regulation of salt and water balance

23
Q

2 cell types in cortical collecting duct

A

Principal

Intercalated

24
Q

Principal cells are site of action of

A

Aldosterone

25
Q

What is reabsorbed in principal cells

A

Na

Cl

26
Q

What is secreted in principal cells

A

K

27
Q

What is permeability of water in principal cells dependent on

A

ADH

28
Q

Intercalated cells responsible for regulation of

A

Acid base balance

29
Q

What is reabsorbed at intercalated cells

A

K

Bicarbonate

30
Q

What is secreted at intercalated cells

A

H

31
Q

What is reabsorbed at medullary collecting duct

A

NaCl
Water (controlled by ADH)
Urea

32
Q

What is secreted at medullary collecting duct

A

H

33
Q

Mechanisms that control tubular reabsorption

A 
Glomerular balance
Peritubular capillary and renal interstitial fluid physical forces
Pressure naturesis/diuresis
Hormonal control
Sympathetic nervous system
34
Q

Glomerular balance

A

Intrinsic ability of tubules to increase their absorption rate in response to increased tubular load (increased tubular inflow)
-total rate of absorption increases as filtered load increases

35
Q

Peritubular capillary and renal interstitial fluid physical forces

A

Hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces govern rate of reabsorption across peritubular capillaries

36
Q

Aldosterone secreted by

A

Adrenal cortex

37
Q

What is aldosterone’s site of action

A

Principal cells of cortical collecting tubule

38
Q

Effects of aldosterone

A

Increases Na and K reabsorption

39
Q

Secretion of aldosterone stimulated by

A

Increased extracellular K concentration
Increased angiotensin II levels
-typically occur in conditions associated with Na and volume depletion or low BP

40
Q

3 main effects of angiotensin II

A

Stimulates aldosterone secretion
Constricts efferent arterioles
Directly stimulates reabsorption in proximal tubules, loop of henle, distal tubules, and collecting ducts

41
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Increases water permeability of distal tubule, collecting tubule, and collecting duct
-helps body conserve water in times of ECF volume depletion

42
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide secreted by

A

Cells in cardiac atria

43
Q

What stimulates release of atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Distension by increased plasma volume

44
Q

What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?

A 
Directly inhibits reabsorption of Na and water by renal tubules, especially collecting ducts
Inhibits renin (thus, aldosterone), which indirectly inhibits Na and water reabsorption
45
Q

What does activation of sympathetic nervous system decrease excretion of?

A

Na
Water
(By constricting renal arterioles, reducing GFR)

46
Q

Sympathetic nervous system increases

A 
Renin release
Na reabsorption (low levels of stimulation) in proximal tubule, thick ascending loop of henle
-does this by activating adrenergic receptors in renal tubular epithelial cells

Physiology (17 decks)

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