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Esthetics > Physiology and Histology of Skin > Flashcards

Physiology and Histology of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology is described as

A

the study of the function of living organisms

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2
Q

what is the largest organ of the body?

A

Skin

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3
Q

appendages include?

A

glands, skin and nails

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4
Q

what does the skin protect against?

A

microorganisms and outside elements

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5
Q

the barrier function of the skin includes?

A

acid mantle

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6
Q

what is the average pH of the acid mantle?

A

5.5

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7
Q

sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in?

A

the fingertips

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8
Q

the average internal body temp is?

A

98.6

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9
Q

what type of gland secretes perspiration and detoxifies the body?

A

sudorifierous

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10
Q

functions of the sebaceous glands?

A

soften skin, secrete oil and protect skin from outside elements

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11
Q

what layer of the epidermis is located under the stratum corneum?

A

stratum lucidem

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12
Q

where in the body is skin the thickest?

A

the palms and soles of feet

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13
Q

what is the thickest layer of the skin called?

A

dermis

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14
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis?

A

reticular and papillary

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15
Q

what is the greatest aging effect on the skin?

A

UV rays

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16
Q

what type of UV rays are the burning rays?

A

UVB rays

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17
Q

what percent of aging is caused by sun exposure

A

80-85%

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18
Q

mitosis occurs in what layer of the skin?

A

stratum germinativum

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19
Q

what makes up about 95% of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes

20
Q

why is it important to understand the function of each layer of the skin?

A

so you can choose products and treatments correctly

21
Q

what do cells need in order to survive?

A

nourishment, functions and protection

22
Q

subcutis or what tissue is found below the reticular layer?

A

adipose tissue

23
Q

what is the average cells turnover rate for the skin cells in the epidermis?

A

28 days

24
Q

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in what layer?

A

stratum granulosum

25
Q

your skin contains what fraction of your bodys immune system?

A

half

26
Q

what is the thickest layer of the skin?

A

dermis

27
Q

desquamation is what?

A

shedding of kertinocytes from the skin

28
Q

what is folliculitis?

A

ingrown hair

29
Q

which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscle?

A

motor nerves

30
Q

the intercellular cement between epidermal calls is made up of what?

A

lipids

31
Q

what do free radicals do?

A

super oxidizers, attack cell membranes and steal electrons

32
Q

immune cells that protect us from foreign substances are?

A

T cells

33
Q

what indicates free radical damage?

A

red inflamed skin

34
Q

differences in genetic skin color are due to what?

A

the amount of melanin activated in the skin

35
Q

what aids in the production of elastin and collagen?

A

fibroblasts

36
Q

products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are what?

A

Tryosinase inhibitors

37
Q

what does TEWL stand for?

A

transepidermal water loss

38
Q

which layer of the skin produces melanin?

A

stratum germinativum

39
Q

squamous cells are what?

A

flat, scaly cells

40
Q

the junction of the dermis and the epidermis is what layer?

A

papillary

41
Q

estrogen used in hormones replacement therapy can come from where?

A

plants and animals

42
Q

what does intercellular mean?

A

inbetween

43
Q

apocrine glands are most active during?

A

emotional changes

44
Q

which cells in the basal layer produce pigments granules?

A

melonocytes

45
Q

what causes stretch marks?

A

damaged elastin fibers

Esthetics (20 decks)

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