Physiology and Histology of Skin

Question 1

Physiology is described as

Answer 1

the study of the function of living organisms

Question 2

what is the largest organ of the body?

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

appendages include?

Answer 3

glands, skin and nails

Question 4

what does the skin protect against?

Answer 4

microorganisms and outside elements

Question 5

the barrier function of the skin includes?

Answer 5

acid mantle

Question 6

what is the average pH of the acid mantle?

Answer 6

5.5

Question 7

sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in?

Answer 7

the fingertips

Question 8

the average internal body temp is?

Answer 8

98.6

Question 9

what type of gland secretes perspiration and detoxifies the body?

Answer 9

sudorifierous

Question 10

functions of the sebaceous glands?

Answer 10

soften skin, secrete oil and protect skin from outside elements

Question 11

what layer of the epidermis is located under the stratum corneum?

Answer 11

stratum lucidem

Question 12

where in the body is skin the thickest?

Answer 12

the palms and soles of feet

Question 13

what is the thickest layer of the skin called?

Answer 13

dermis

Question 14

what are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 14

reticular and papillary

Question 15

what is the greatest aging effect on the skin?

Answer 15

UV rays

Question 16

what type of UV rays are the burning rays?

Answer 16

UVB rays

Question 17

what percent of aging is caused by sun exposure

Answer 17

80-85%

Question 18

mitosis occurs in what layer of the skin?

Answer 18

stratum germinativum

Question 19

what makes up about 95% of the epidermis

Answer 19

keratinocytes

Question 20

why is it important to understand the function of each layer of the skin?

Answer 20

so you can choose products and treatments correctly

Question 21

what do cells need in order to survive?

Answer 21

nourishment, functions and protection

Question 22

subcutis or what tissue is found below the reticular layer?

Answer 22

adipose tissue

Question 23

what is the average cells turnover rate for the skin cells in the epidermis?

Answer 23

28 days

Question 24

Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in what layer?

Answer 24

stratum granulosum

Question 25

your skin contains what fraction of your bodys immune system?

Answer 25

half

Question 26

what is the thickest layer of the skin?

Answer 26

dermis

Question 27

desquamation is what?

Answer 27

shedding of kertinocytes from the skin

Question 28

what is folliculitis?

Answer 28

ingrown hair

Question 29

which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 29

motor nerves

Question 30

the intercellular cement between epidermal calls is made up of what?

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

what do free radicals do?

Answer 31

super oxidizers, attack cell membranes and steal electrons

Question 32

immune cells that protect us from foreign substances are?

Answer 32

T cells

Question 33

what indicates free radical damage?

Answer 33

red inflamed skin

Question 34

differences in genetic skin color are due to what?

Answer 34

the amount of melanin activated in the skin

Question 35

what aids in the production of elastin and collagen?

Answer 35

fibroblasts

Question 36

products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are what?

Answer 36

Tryosinase inhibitors

Question 37

what does TEWL stand for?

Answer 37

transepidermal water loss

Question 38

which layer of the skin produces melanin?

Answer 38

stratum germinativum

Question 39

squamous cells are what?

Answer 39

flat, scaly cells

Question 40

the junction of the dermis and the epidermis is what layer?

Answer 40

papillary

Question 41

estrogen used in hormones replacement therapy can come from where?

Answer 41

plants and animals

Question 42

what does intercellular mean?

Answer 42

inbetween

Question 43

apocrine glands are most active during?

Answer 43

emotional changes

Question 44

which cells in the basal layer produce pigments granules?

Answer 44

melonocytes

Question 45

what causes stretch marks?

Answer 45

damaged elastin fibers