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Esthetics > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor

A

muscles that draw a body part such as fingers, arms, or toe away from the midline. Separates fingers

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2
Q

Adductors

A

muscles that draw the body parts inward or toward the midline. Draw fingers together.

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3
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

a specialized connective tissue considered fat which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulated the body.

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye.

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5
Q

Anabolism

A

constructive metabolism. Building larger molecules from smaller ones.

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6
Q

Angular Artery

A

artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose

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7
Q

Anterior Auricular Artery

A

supplies blood to the front of the ear

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8
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery, arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through out the body

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9
Q

Arteries

A

thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood

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10
Q

Arterioles

A

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

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11
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles, heart glands and blood vessels

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12
Q

Belly (of muscle)

A

center point of muscle

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13
Q

Bicep

A

muscle producing the contuor of the front and inner side of the upper arm

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14
Q

Blood

A

nutritive fluid circulating though the circulatory system

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15
Q

Blood Vessels

A

tube like structure that transport blood to and from the heart nd to various tissues of the body

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16
Q

Body System

A

groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions (11 systems in body)

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17
Q

Brain

A

part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium, largest and most complex nerve tissue. controls all body functions

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18
Q

Buccal nerve

A

nerve that affects muscles of the mouth

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19
Q

Buccinator

A

thin flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels that air between the lips

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20
Q

Capillaries

A

tiny thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins

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21
Q

Catabolism

A

phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones

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22
Q

Cell membrane

A

part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell

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23
Q

Cells

A

basic unit of all living things.

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24
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

consist of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nervess

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25
Q

Cervical Nerves

A

nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head

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26
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column

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27
Q

Clavicle

A

“Collarbone” Bone joining the sternum and scapula

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28
Q

Common Carotid artery

A

arteries that supply blood to the face and head

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29
Q

Connective Tissue

A

fibrous tissue that binds together protects and supports the various parts of the body such as bone cartilage and tendons

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30
Q

Corrugator

A

facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertiically

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31
Q

Cytoplasm

A

all the protoplasm of a cell that excepts that which is in the nucleus, contains food material necessary for cell growth.

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32
Q

Deltoid

A

large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arms to extend outward and to the side of the body

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33
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

muscle surrounding the lower lip that depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side.

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34
Q

Digestive system

A

responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste

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35
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body

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36
Q

Digital Nerve

A

sensory motor nerve that with its branches supplies impulses to the fingers

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37
Q

11th Cranial Nerve

A

“acessory” nerve. motor nerve that controls the motions of the neck and shoulder muscles

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38
Q

Endocrine glands

A

ductless glands. releases secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream

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39
Q

Endocrine system

A

group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities and health of the entire body

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40
Q

Epicardial Aponeurosis

A

tendon connecting the occipitalis and the frontalis

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41
Q

Epicarnius

A

the broad muscle that covers the top of thee skill and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis

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42
Q

Extensor

A

muscles that straighten the wrist hand and fingers to form a straight line

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43
Q

External carotid artery

A

artery that supplies blood the the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck and sides of the head

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44
Q

External Jugular vein

A

vein located on the side off the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head face and neck

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45
Q

Facial Artery

A

supplies blood to the lower region of the face mouth and nose

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46
Q

5th cranial nerve

A

“trifacial” Cheif of sensory nerve of the face, serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing

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47
Q

Flexors

A

extensor muscles of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist

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48
Q

Frontal Artery

A

artery the supplies blood to the forehead and eyelids

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49
Q

Frontal Bone

A

forms the forehead

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50
Q

Frontalis

A

Anterior portion of the epicranius, muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead

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51
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

located with the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg.

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52
Q

Glands

A

specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds

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53
Q

Heart

A

cone shaped organs that keeps blood moving within the circulatory system

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54
Q

Hormones

A

secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body

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55
Q

Humerus

A

uppermost and largest bone in the arm

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56
Q

Hyoid bone

A

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports tongue muscle

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57
Q

inferior labial artery

A

supplies blood to lower lip

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58
Q

Infraorbital artery

A

originates from the internal maxillary artery and supplies blood the the eye

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59
Q

Insertion

A

point where the skeletal muscle is attached to a bone or other movable body part

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60
Q

Integumentary system

A

the skin and accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands sensory receptors hair nails

61
Q

Internal Carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the brain, eyes, forehead, nose and internal ear

62
Q

Internal Jugular veun

A

located side of neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck

63
Q

Joint

A

connection between two bones

64
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

small thin bones located in the anterior medial wall of the orbits

65
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

large flat triangular muscle covering the lower back

66
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

“caninus” muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws inward

67
Q

levator labii superioris

A

muscle surrounding the upper lip that elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (expressing distaste)

68
Q

Lymph

A

clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lumph spaces or the body, carries waste and impurities away from cells

69
Q

Lymph Capillaries

A

lymphatic vessels that occur in clusters and are distributed throughout most of the body

70
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

gland like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels. filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection

71
Q

Lymphatic/Immune System

A

acts as aid to the blood system, the lymphatic and immune system are closely connected in that they protect body from disease by destroying microorganisms

72
Q

Mandible

A

lower jaw bone, largest and strongest in face

73
Q

Mandibular nerve

A

off of 5th cranial nerve, supplies muscles and skin of the lower part of the face. affects muscles of chin and lower lip

74
Q

Masseter

A

open and closes mouth and brings jaw forward.

75
Q

Maxillary bones

A

forms upper jaw

76
Q

Maxiallry nerve

A

branch of 5th cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face

77
Q

Median Nerve

A

smaller than ulna and radial nerves that supplies the arm and hand

78
Q

Mentalis

A

muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

79
Q

Metacarpus

A

“palm” consists of the five long slender bones called metacarpal

80
Q

Middle temporal artery

A

supplies blood to the temples

81
Q

Mitosis

A

cells diving into two new cells (daughter cells), process of cell reproduction of human tissue

82
Q

Motor nerves

A

“efferent nerves” Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands, produce movement

83
Q

Muscle tissue

A

tissue that contracts an moves various parts of the body

84
Q

Muscular system

A

body system that covered shapes and support the skeleton tissue, contracts and moves body parts

85
Q

Nasal bones

A

bones that form the bridge of the nose

86
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

controls and coordinates all bodily functions

87
Q

Nerves

A

whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, impulses transmitted through nerves

88
Q

Nervous system

A

body system composed of brain, spinal cord, and nerves, controls and coordinates all other system

89
Q

Neurology

A

the study of the structure, function and pathology of the nervous system

90
Q

Nucleus

A

central part or core of cell. genetic control center that plays a large roll in reproduction

91
Q

Occipital artery

A

supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown

92
Q

Occipital bone

A

hindmost bone of the skull, forms the back of the skull and nape of the neck

93
Q

Occipitalis

A

muscle that draws the scalp backwards

94
Q

Ophthalmic nerve

A

branch of 5th cranial nerve, supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids and interior portion of the scalp, orbit and nasal passage

95
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

ring of muscle of the eye socket. closes the eye

96
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers and wrinkles the lips

97
Q

Organs

A

structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions in plants and animals

98
Q

Origin

A

part of the muscle that does not move. Its attached to the skeleton and is usually part of the skeletal muscle

99
Q

Parietal artery

A

supplies blood to the side and crown of head

100
Q

Parietal bones

A

form the sides and top of head

101
Q

Pectoralis Major and Minor

A

muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm

102
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

(PNS) system of nerves and ganglia that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system, both sensory and motor nerves

103
Q

Phalanges

A

“digits” bones in the fingers, 3 in each finger and two in each thumb totaling 14

104
Q

Physiology

A

study of the functions performed by the bodys structures

105
Q

Pineal gland

A

located in the brain, plays major role in sexual development, sleep and metabolism

106
Q

Pituitary gland

A

in center of the head, most complex organ of endocrine system. effects every physiologic process of the body

107
Q

Platysma

A

broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscle to the side of the chin, depresses lower jaw and lip

108
Q

Posterior auricular artery

A

supplies blood to the scalp, behind and above the ear

109
Q

posterior auricular nerve

A

affects the muscles behind the ear and base of skull

110
Q

Procerus muscle

A

covers bridge of nose, depresses eye brows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

111
Q

Pronator

A

turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward

112
Q

protoplasm

A

colorless jellylike substance in cells, contains protein fats carbohydrates water

113
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified and back to the heart

114
Q

radial artery

A

supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and back of hand

115
Q

radial nerve

A

supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand

116
Q

radius

A

smaller bone in the forearm on the thumb side

117
Q

reflex

A

automatic reaction to stimulus that involves movement from and impulse from a sensory receptor

118
Q

reproductive system

A

includes ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, vagina in the female, prostate, testes, penis and urethra in male. reproduction

119
Q

respiratory system

A

consisting of the lungs and air passages, enables breathing and supplies body with oxygen

120
Q

Ribs

A

12 pairs of bones forming the wall for thorax

121
Q

Risorius

A

muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth back as a grin

122
Q

scapula

A

flat triangular bone of the shoulder

123
Q

Sensory nerves

A

“afferent” carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain

124
Q

Serratus anterior

A

muscles of the chest that assists in breathing and raising the arm

125
Q

Skeletal system

A

physical foundation of the body, composed of bones and movable and immovable joints

126
Q

Sphenoid

A

bone that joins all the bones of the cranium together

127
Q

spinal cord

A

portion of central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremities

128
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

muscle of neck that depresses and rotates the head

129
Q

sternum

A

“breastbone” ventral support for ribs

130
Q

Supinator

A

muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm up

131
Q

Systemic cirulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again

132
Q

Temporal bones

A

forms the sides of the head in the ear region

133
Q

Temporal nerves

A

affects muscle of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow and upper part of cheek

134
Q

thorax

A

bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart lungs and other organs

135
Q

Thyroid gland

A

located in the neck, controls how quickly the body burns energy

136
Q

Tibial nerve

A

division of sciatic nerve supplies impulses to most of lower leg

137
Q

Tissue

A

collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

138
Q

Transverse facial artery

A

supplies blood to the skin and the massestter

139
Q

Trapezius

A

muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, stabilizes the scapula and shrugs the shoulders

140
Q

Tricep

A

large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm

141
Q

Ulna

A

inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist on the little finger side

142
Q

Ulnar artery

A

supplies blood to the muscle of the little digner side of the arm and the palm

143
Q

ulnar nerve

A

sensory motor nerve that affects the little finger side of the arm and palm

144
Q

veins

A

thick walled blood vessels that contain valves and carry impure blood from capillaries back to the heart and lungs

145
Q

venules

A

small vessels connected to capillaries and veins.

146
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

“cheekbones” form the prominence of the cheeks

147
Q

zygomatic nerve

A

affects the skin of the temple, side of the forehead and upper part of the cheek.

148
Q

Zygomaticus major and minor

A

muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the angel of the mouth. elevates the lip (smile)

Esthetics (20 decks)

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