Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Abductor
muscles that draw a body part such as fingers, arms, or toe away from the midline. Separates fingers
Adductors
muscles that draw the body parts inward or toward the midline. Draw fingers together.
Adipose Tissue
a specialized connective tissue considered fat which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulated the body.
Anatomy
study of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye.
Anabolism
constructive metabolism. Building larger molecules from smaller ones.
Angular Artery
artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose
Anterior Auricular Artery
supplies blood to the front of the ear
Aorta
largest artery, arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through out the body
Arteries
thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood
Arterioles
small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, regulates the action of the smooth muscles, heart glands and blood vessels
Belly (of muscle)
center point of muscle
Bicep
muscle producing the contuor of the front and inner side of the upper arm
Blood
nutritive fluid circulating though the circulatory system
Blood Vessels
tube like structure that transport blood to and from the heart nd to various tissues of the body
Body System
groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions (11 systems in body)
Brain
part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium, largest and most complex nerve tissue. controls all body functions
Buccal nerve
nerve that affects muscles of the mouth
Buccinator
thin flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels that air between the lips
Capillaries
tiny thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins
Catabolism
phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones
Cell membrane
part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell
Cells
basic unit of all living things.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
consist of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nervess
Cervical Nerves
nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head
Cervical Vertebrae
seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column
Clavicle
“Collarbone” Bone joining the sternum and scapula
Common Carotid artery
arteries that supply blood to the face and head
Connective Tissue
fibrous tissue that binds together protects and supports the various parts of the body such as bone cartilage and tendons
Corrugator
facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertiically
Cytoplasm
all the protoplasm of a cell that excepts that which is in the nucleus, contains food material necessary for cell growth.
Deltoid
large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arms to extend outward and to the side of the body
Depressor Labii Inferioris
muscle surrounding the lower lip that depresses the lower lip and draws it to one side.
Digestive system
responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste
Digestive enzymes
chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body
Digital Nerve
sensory motor nerve that with its branches supplies impulses to the fingers
11th Cranial Nerve
“acessory” nerve. motor nerve that controls the motions of the neck and shoulder muscles
Endocrine glands
ductless glands. releases secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine system
group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities and health of the entire body
Epicardial Aponeurosis
tendon connecting the occipitalis and the frontalis
Epicarnius
the broad muscle that covers the top of thee skill and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis
Extensor
muscles that straighten the wrist hand and fingers to form a straight line
External carotid artery
artery that supplies blood the the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck and sides of the head
External Jugular vein
vein located on the side off the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head face and neck
Facial Artery
supplies blood to the lower region of the face mouth and nose
5th cranial nerve
“trifacial” Cheif of sensory nerve of the face, serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing
Flexors
extensor muscles of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist
Frontal Artery
artery the supplies blood to the forehead and eyelids
Frontal Bone
forms the forehead
Frontalis
Anterior portion of the epicranius, muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead
Gastrocnemius
located with the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg.
Glands
specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds
Heart
cone shaped organs that keeps blood moving within the circulatory system
Hormones
secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body
Humerus
uppermost and largest bone in the arm
Hyoid bone
U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports tongue muscle
inferior labial artery
supplies blood to lower lip
Infraorbital artery
originates from the internal maxillary artery and supplies blood the the eye
Insertion
point where the skeletal muscle is attached to a bone or other movable body part
Integumentary system
the skin and accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands sensory receptors hair nails
Internal Carotid artery
supplies blood to the brain, eyes, forehead, nose and internal ear
Internal Jugular veun
located side of neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck
Joint
connection between two bones
Lacrimal Bones
small thin bones located in the anterior medial wall of the orbits
Latissimus Dorsi
large flat triangular muscle covering the lower back
Levator anguli oris
“caninus” muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws inward
levator labii superioris
muscle surrounding the upper lip that elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils (expressing distaste)
Lymph
clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lumph spaces or the body, carries waste and impurities away from cells
Lymph Capillaries
lymphatic vessels that occur in clusters and are distributed throughout most of the body
Lymph Nodes
gland like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels. filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection
Lymphatic/Immune System
acts as aid to the blood system, the lymphatic and immune system are closely connected in that they protect body from disease by destroying microorganisms
Mandible
lower jaw bone, largest and strongest in face
Mandibular nerve
off of 5th cranial nerve, supplies muscles and skin of the lower part of the face. affects muscles of chin and lower lip
Masseter
open and closes mouth and brings jaw forward.
Maxillary bones
forms upper jaw
Maxiallry nerve
branch of 5th cranial nerve that supplies the upper part of the face
Median Nerve
smaller than ulna and radial nerves that supplies the arm and hand
Mentalis
muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
Metacarpus
“palm” consists of the five long slender bones called metacarpal
Middle temporal artery
supplies blood to the temples
Mitosis
cells diving into two new cells (daughter cells), process of cell reproduction of human tissue
Motor nerves
“efferent nerves” Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands, produce movement
Muscle tissue
tissue that contracts an moves various parts of the body
Muscular system
body system that covered shapes and support the skeleton tissue, contracts and moves body parts
Nasal bones
bones that form the bridge of the nose
Nerve Tissue
controls and coordinates all bodily functions
Nerves
whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, impulses transmitted through nerves
Nervous system
body system composed of brain, spinal cord, and nerves, controls and coordinates all other system
Neurology
the study of the structure, function and pathology of the nervous system
Nucleus
central part or core of cell. genetic control center that plays a large roll in reproduction
Occipital artery
supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the scalp and back of the head up to the crown
Occipital bone
hindmost bone of the skull, forms the back of the skull and nape of the neck
Occipitalis
muscle that draws the scalp backwards
Ophthalmic nerve
branch of 5th cranial nerve, supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids and interior portion of the scalp, orbit and nasal passage
Orbicularis oculi
ring of muscle of the eye socket. closes the eye
Orbicularis oris
flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers and wrinkles the lips
Organs
structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions in plants and animals
Origin
part of the muscle that does not move. Its attached to the skeleton and is usually part of the skeletal muscle
Parietal artery
supplies blood to the side and crown of head
Parietal bones
form the sides and top of head
Pectoralis Major and Minor
muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm
Peripheral nervous system
(PNS) system of nerves and ganglia that connects the peripheral parts of the body to the central nervous system, both sensory and motor nerves
Phalanges
“digits” bones in the fingers, 3 in each finger and two in each thumb totaling 14
Physiology
study of the functions performed by the bodys structures
Pineal gland
located in the brain, plays major role in sexual development, sleep and metabolism
Pituitary gland
in center of the head, most complex organ of endocrine system. effects every physiologic process of the body
Platysma
broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscle to the side of the chin, depresses lower jaw and lip
Posterior auricular artery
supplies blood to the scalp, behind and above the ear
posterior auricular nerve
affects the muscles behind the ear and base of skull
Procerus muscle
covers bridge of nose, depresses eye brows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose
Pronator
turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward
protoplasm
colorless jellylike substance in cells, contains protein fats carbohydrates water
Pulmonary circulation
sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified and back to the heart
radial artery
supplies blood to the thumb side of the arm and back of hand
radial nerve
supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand
radius
smaller bone in the forearm on the thumb side
reflex
automatic reaction to stimulus that involves movement from and impulse from a sensory receptor
reproductive system
includes ovaries, uterine tube, uterus, vagina in the female, prostate, testes, penis and urethra in male. reproduction
respiratory system
consisting of the lungs and air passages, enables breathing and supplies body with oxygen
Ribs
12 pairs of bones forming the wall for thorax
Risorius
muscle of the mouth that draws the corner of the mouth back as a grin
scapula
flat triangular bone of the shoulder
Sensory nerves
“afferent” carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain
Serratus anterior
muscles of the chest that assists in breathing and raising the arm
Skeletal system
physical foundation of the body, composed of bones and movable and immovable joints
Sphenoid
bone that joins all the bones of the cranium together
spinal cord
portion of central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the lower extremities
Sternocleidomastoid
muscle of neck that depresses and rotates the head
sternum
“breastbone” ventral support for ribs
Supinator
muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm up
Systemic cirulation
circulation of blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again
Temporal bones
forms the sides of the head in the ear region
Temporal nerves
affects muscle of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow and upper part of cheek
thorax
bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart lungs and other organs
Thyroid gland
located in the neck, controls how quickly the body burns energy
Tibial nerve
division of sciatic nerve supplies impulses to most of lower leg
Tissue
collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
Transverse facial artery
supplies blood to the skin and the massestter
Trapezius
muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back, stabilizes the scapula and shrugs the shoulders
Tricep
large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm
Ulna
inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist on the little finger side
Ulnar artery
supplies blood to the muscle of the little digner side of the arm and the palm
ulnar nerve
sensory motor nerve that affects the little finger side of the arm and palm
veins
thick walled blood vessels that contain valves and carry impure blood from capillaries back to the heart and lungs
venules
small vessels connected to capillaries and veins.
Zygomatic bones
“cheekbones” form the prominence of the cheeks
zygomatic nerve
affects the skin of the temple, side of the forehead and upper part of the cheek.
Zygomaticus major and minor
muscles on both sides of the face that extend from the zygomatic bone to the angel of the mouth. elevates the lip (smile)
