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Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Energy homeostasis

A

Physiological process whereby energy intake is matched to energy expenditure over time

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2
Q

Obesity

A

BMI 30-39.9

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3
Q

CNS influences energy balance and body weight by:

A

Behavior- feeding and physical activity
ANS activity- regulates energy expenditure
Neuroendocrine system- secretion of hormones

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4
Q

satiation

A

sensation of fullness generated during a meal

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5
Q

Satiety

A

Period of time between termination of one meal and the initiation of next

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6
Q

Adiposity

A

the state of being obese

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7
Q

two hormones report fat status to brain

A

Leptin- made and released from fat cells

Insulin- made and released from pancreatic beta cells

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8
Q

two types of mechanical activity of the stomach

A 
orad stomach (fundus and proximal body)
caudad stomach (distal bdoy and antrum)
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9
Q

gastrin

A

gastrin is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum, duodenum and pancreas
stimulates H+ secretion by gastric perietal cells
stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

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10
Q

secretin

A

from S cells of duodenum
released in response to H+ and fatty acids in lumen
promotes secretion of pancreatic and biliary HCO3-

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11
Q

CCK (cholecystokinin)

A

from I cells of duodenum and jejunum
released in response to monoglycerides, fatty acids, amino acids and peptides in the lumen
inhibits gastric emptying
stimulation of relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
contraction of gallbladder- ejection of bile into duodenum
causes secretion of pancreatic enzymes

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12
Q

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

A

from K cells of duodenum and jejunum
released in response to glucose, amino acid and fatty acids
Stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells
Inhibits gastric emptying

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13
Q

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

A

from L cells of the small intestine
Stimulates insulin secretion
Inhibits glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha- cells
Decreases gastric emptying and appetite

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14
Q

Motilin

A

from M cells of duodenum and jejunum, secreted during fasting state
Initiates the migrating moto complex

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15
Q

Ghrelin

A

Gr cells of the gastric antrum, small intestine and elsewhere
Stimulates appetite
oxyntic cells

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16
Q

Orad of the stomach

A

relaxation driven by vagus nerve- swallowing
no slow wave
tonic contractions are weak

17
Q

gastric secretions

A 
HCl
pepsinogen 
intrinsic factor and gastroferrin 
histamine 
mucus
gastrin 
somatostatin
18
Q

gastric secretion

HCl

A

activates pepsinogen to pepsin
denatures proteins
kills most micro-organisms

19
Q

gastric secretion

intrinsic factor and gastroferrin

A

bind vitamin B12 and Fe2+ respectively, and cause absorption

20
Q

gastric secretion

histamine

A

stimulates HCl secretions

21
Q

gastric secretion

gastrin

A

stimulates HCl secretions and motility

22
Q

gastric secretion

somatostatin

A

inhibits HCl secretion

GI (25 decks)

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