Physiology Flashcards
To help my baby bean
What is the fluid distribution in the Body
Intracellular 2/3 28L, Extra Cellular 1/3 14L, as follows: (10L in interstitial 3L in Plasma 1L in transcellular)
What is the main coagulation pathway?
Extrinsic pathway
In extrinsic pathway factors
7 - Warfarin (prothrompin time PT)
In intrinsic pathway factors
8-9-11-12 - Heparin APTT
In common pathways factors
10 & 5
PT has Pyloric stenosis or excessive vomiting. Acidbase disturbance
Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis
PT has signs of Ischemia of bowel due to Mesentric infraction. Acidbase disturbance
Metabolic acidosis
PT has PE/early saliyate poisoning. Acidbase disturbance
Respiratory Alkalosis
PT has COPD/Asthma/overuse of opiod or sedatives. Acidbase disturbance
Respiratory Acidosis
PT has DM on Metformin. Acidbase disturbance
Metabolic Acidosis (lactatic)
What is the main determinant to the cerebral blood flow?
ICP
CPP increased after trauma so it can be decreased by decreasing
Mean arterial pressure
What is the physiological process to decrease the ICP?
Hyperventilation
JVP increases in…
Expiration, Exercise, Lying supine, sup. vena cava obstruction, increased intrathoracic pressure in pregnancy and hypervolaemia
JVP decreases in…
Inspiration, standing, hypovolaemia, decreased intrathoracic pressure
Platue phase in cardiac action potential is due to
Ca2 influx
The tricuspid valve close in which phase of cardiac cycle
isovolumetric ventricular contraction (C wave)
Rapid ventricular falling happen in which phase of cardiac cycle
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
In ECG ventricular repolarisation by
T wave
In ECG atrial depolarisation by
P wave
In JVP waves of Atrial fibrillation there is
absent A wave
In JVP of complete heart block there is
Cannon A wave
Valsava manoeuvre effect
increased intrathoracic pressure
Normal stroke volume
60 - 100 ml
Controlled exercise will increase COP by
Increasing preload and HR
PT with tension pneumothorax, decrease his cardiopulmonary status due to
decrease the VR
Hypercoagulation state due to
Protein C and S deficiency
Protein C deficiency affect which factors
5 and 8 “V and VIII”
PT has antiphospholipid syndrome, repetitive DVT & PE. The antibodies are…
Anticardiolipin antibody
In primary hyperparathyroidism the calcium status is?
hypercalecima
In renal transplantation pt. parathyroid & Ca status are?
tertiary hyperparathyroidism & hypercalcima
In secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal disease
HYPO-calcemia
In anxiety what hormone will be released?
catecholamines from adrenal medulla
Noradrenaline works on?
alpha 1 receptors (used in septic shock)
Adrenaline works on which receptor to increase HR?
beta 1 receptors (used in anaphylactic shock)
B1 receptors found in?
ventricles of heart
precursor of Noradrenaline
dopamine
precursor of adrenaline
Noradrenaline
— PAWP
++ HR
++ SVR
– COP
hypovolemic shock
+++ PAWP
++ HR
++ SVR
— COP
cardiogenic shock
— PAWP
– HR
++ SVR
— COP
neurogenic shock
— PAWP
++ HR
– SVR
+ then – COP
septic shock
BP and pulse normal, RR 14 - 20, lost blood 750ml, urine less than 30. Dx?
Grade 1 shock 15%
BP normal, pulse 120 - 140, RR 20 - 30, urine 20 - 30, lost 750 - 1500ml blood. Dx?
Grade II shock 15 - 30%
BP low, pulse 120 - 140, RR 30 - 40, urine 15 - 5ml, lost 1500 - 2000ml blood. Dx?
Grade III shock 30 - 40%
BP low, pulse more than 140, RR more than 45, urine 0, lost more than 2000ml blood. DX?
Grade IV shock >40%
Urine specific gravity in hypovolemic shock
lncreased
