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MRCS > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

To help my baby bean

1
Q

What is the fluid distribution in the Body

A

Intracellular 2/3 28L, Extra Cellular 1/3 14L, as follows: (10L in interstitial 3L in Plasma 1L in transcellular)

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2
Q

What is the main coagulation pathway?

A

Extrinsic pathway

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3
Q

In extrinsic pathway factors

A

7 - Warfarin (prothrompin time PT)

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4
Q

In intrinsic pathway factors

A

8-9-11-12 - Heparin APTT

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5
Q

In common pathways factors

A

10 & 5

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6
Q

PT has Pyloric stenosis or excessive vomiting. Acidbase disturbance

A

Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis

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7
Q

PT has signs of Ischemia of bowel due to Mesentric infraction. Acidbase disturbance

A

Metabolic acidosis

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8
Q

PT has PE/early saliyate poisoning. Acidbase disturbance

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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9
Q

PT has COPD/Asthma/overuse of opiod or sedatives. Acidbase disturbance

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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10
Q

PT has DM on Metformin. Acidbase disturbance

A

Metabolic Acidosis (lactatic)

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11
Q

What is the main determinant to the cerebral blood flow?

A

ICP

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12
Q

CPP increased after trauma so it can be decreased by decreasing

A

Mean arterial pressure

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13
Q

What is the physiological process to decrease the ICP?

A

Hyperventilation

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14
Q

JVP increases in…

A

Expiration, Exercise, Lying supine, sup. vena cava obstruction, increased intrathoracic pressure in pregnancy and hypervolaemia

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15
Q

JVP decreases in…

A

Inspiration, standing, hypovolaemia, decreased intrathoracic pressure

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16
Q

Platue phase in cardiac action potential is due to

A

Ca2 influx

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17
Q

The tricuspid valve close in which phase of cardiac cycle

A

isovolumetric ventricular contraction (C wave)

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18
Q

Rapid ventricular falling happen in which phase of cardiac cycle

A

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

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19
Q

In ECG ventricular repolarisation by

A

T wave

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20
Q

In ECG atrial depolarisation by

A

P wave

21
Q

In JVP waves of Atrial fibrillation there is

A

absent A wave

22
Q

In JVP of complete heart block there is

A

Cannon A wave

23
Q

Valsava manoeuvre effect

A

increased intrathoracic pressure

24
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

60 - 100 ml

25
Q

Controlled exercise will increase COP by

A

Increasing preload and HR

26
Q

PT with tension pneumothorax, decrease his cardiopulmonary status due to

A

decrease the VR

27
Q

Hypercoagulation state due to

A

Protein C and S deficiency

28
Q

Protein C deficiency affect which factors

A

5 and 8 “V and VIII”

29
Q

PT has antiphospholipid syndrome, repetitive DVT & PE. The antibodies are…

A

Anticardiolipin antibody

30
Q

In primary hyperparathyroidism the calcium status is?

A

hypercalecima

31
Q

In renal transplantation pt. parathyroid & Ca status are?

A

tertiary hyperparathyroidism & hypercalcima

32
Q

In secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal disease

A

HYPO-calcemia

33
Q

In anxiety what hormone will be released?

A

catecholamines from adrenal medulla

34
Q

Noradrenaline works on?

A

alpha 1 receptors (used in septic shock)

35
Q

Adrenaline works on which receptor to increase HR?

A

beta 1 receptors (used in anaphylactic shock)

36
Q

B1 receptors found in?

A

ventricles of heart

37
Q

precursor of Noradrenaline

A

dopamine

38
Q

precursor of adrenaline

A

Noradrenaline

39
Q

— PAWP
++ HR
++ SVR
– COP

A

hypovolemic shock

40
Q

+++ PAWP
++ HR
++ SVR
— COP

A

cardiogenic shock

41
Q

— PAWP
– HR
++ SVR
— COP

A

neurogenic shock

43
Q

— PAWP
++ HR
– SVR
+ then – COP

A

septic shock

44
Q

BP and pulse normal, RR 14 - 20, lost blood 750ml, urine less than 30. Dx?

A

Grade 1 shock 15%

45
Q

BP normal, pulse 120 - 140, RR 20 - 30, urine 20 - 30, lost 750 - 1500ml blood. Dx?

A

Grade II shock 15 - 30%

46
Q

BP low, pulse 120 - 140, RR 30 - 40, urine 15 - 5ml, lost 1500 - 2000ml blood. Dx?

A

Grade III shock 30 - 40%

47
Q

BP low, pulse more than 140, RR more than 45, urine 0, lost more than 2000ml blood. DX?

A

Grade IV shock >40%

48
Q

Urine specific gravity in hypovolemic shock

A

lncreased

49
Q
A

MRCS (24 decks)

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