Physiology

Question 1

What is the fluid distribution in the Body

Answer 1

Intracellular 2/3 28L, Extra Cellular 1/3 14L, as follows: (10L in interstitial 3L in Plasma 1L in transcellular)

Question 2

What is the main coagulation pathway?

Answer 2

Extrinsic pathway

Question 3

In extrinsic pathway factors

Answer 3

7 - Warfarin (prothrompin time PT)

Question 4

In intrinsic pathway factors

Answer 4

8-9-11-12 - Heparin APTT

Question 5

In common pathways factors

Answer 5

10 & 5

Question 6

PT has Pyloric stenosis or excessive vomiting. Acidbase disturbance

Answer 6

Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 7

PT has signs of Ischemia of bowel due to Mesentric infraction. Acidbase disturbance

Answer 7

Metabolic acidosis

Question 8

PT has PE/early saliyate poisoning. Acidbase disturbance

Answer 8

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 9

PT has COPD/Asthma/overuse of opiod or sedatives. Acidbase disturbance

Answer 9

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 10

PT has DM on Metformin. Acidbase disturbance

Answer 10

Metabolic Acidosis (lactatic)

Question 11

What is the main determinant to the cerebral blood flow?

Answer 11

ICP

Question 12

CPP increased after trauma so it can be decreased by decreasing

Answer 12

Mean arterial pressure

Question 13

What is the physiological process to decrease the ICP?

Answer 13

Hyperventilation

Question 14

JVP increases in…

Answer 14

Expiration, Exercise, Lying supine, sup. vena cava obstruction, increased intrathoracic pressure in pregnancy and hypervolaemia

Question 15

JVP decreases in…

Answer 15

Inspiration, standing, hypovolaemia, decreased intrathoracic pressure

Question 16

Platue phase in cardiac action potential is due to

Answer 16

Ca2 influx

Question 17

The tricuspid valve close in which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 17

isovolumetric ventricular contraction (C wave)

Question 18

Rapid ventricular falling happen in which phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 18

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Question 19

In ECG ventricular repolarisation by

Answer 19

T wave

Question 20

In ECG atrial depolarisation by

Answer 20

P wave

Question 21

In JVP waves of Atrial fibrillation there is

Answer 21

absent A wave

Question 22

In JVP of complete heart block there is

Answer 22

Cannon A wave

Question 23

Valsava manoeuvre effect

Answer 23

increased intrathoracic pressure

Question 24

Normal stroke volume

Answer 24

60 - 100 ml

Question 25

Controlled exercise will increase COP by

Answer 25

Increasing preload and HR

Question 26

PT with tension pneumothorax, decrease his cardiopulmonary status due to

Answer 26

decrease the VR

Question 27

Hypercoagulation state due to

Answer 27

Protein C and S deficiency

Question 28

Protein C deficiency affect which factors

Answer 28

5 and 8 "V and VIII"

Question 29

PT has antiphospholipid syndrome, repetitive DVT & PE. The antibodies are...

Answer 29

Anticardiolipin antibody

Question 30

In primary hyperparathyroidism the calcium status is?

Answer 30

hypercalecima

Question 31

In renal transplantation pt. parathyroid & Ca status are?

Answer 31

tertiary hyperparathyroidism & hypercalcima

Question 32

In secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal disease

Answer 32

HYPO-calcemia

Question 33

In anxiety what hormone will be released?

Answer 33

catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Question 34

Noradrenaline works on?

Answer 34

alpha 1 receptors (used in septic shock)

Question 35

Adrenaline works on which receptor to increase HR?

Answer 35

beta 1 receptors (used in anaphylactic shock)

Question 36

B1 receptors found in?

Answer 36

ventricles of heart

Question 37

precursor of Noradrenaline

Answer 37

dopamine

Question 38

precursor of adrenaline

Answer 38

Noradrenaline

Question 39

--- PAWP ++ HR ++ SVR -- COP

Answer 39

hypovolemic shock

Question 40

+++ PAWP ++ HR ++ SVR --- COP

Answer 40

cardiogenic shock

Question 41

--- PAWP -- HR ++ SVR --- COP

Answer 41

neurogenic shock

Question 43

--- PAWP ++ HR -- SVR + then -- COP

Answer 43

septic shock

Question 44

BP and pulse normal, RR 14 - 20, lost blood 750ml, urine less than 30. Dx?

Answer 44

Grade 1 shock 15%

Question 45

BP normal, pulse 120 - 140, RR 20 - 30, urine 20 - 30, lost 750 - 1500ml blood. Dx?

Answer 45

Grade II shock 15 - 30%

Question 46

BP low, pulse 120 - 140, RR 30 - 40, urine 15 - 5ml, lost 1500 - 2000ml blood. Dx?

Answer 46

Grade III shock 30 - 40%

Question 47

BP low, pulse more than 140, RR more than 45, urine 0, lost more than 2000ml blood. DX?

Answer 47

Grade IV shock >40%

Question 48

Urine specific gravity in hypovolemic shock

Answer 48

lncreased