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MRCS > HNS Anatomy > Flashcards

HNS Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first branch of the internal carotid artery?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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2
Q

Numbness over the lower lip after tooth extraction - which nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

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3
Q

Loss of general sensation at the side/anterior of the tongue - which nerve?

A

Lingual nerve

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4
Q

Submandibular gland injury and patient tongue deviation - which nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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5
Q

Nerve injury during submandibular gland surgery near the duct

A

Lingual nerve

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6
Q

Most common nerve injury in the cavernous sinus?

A

Abducens

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7
Q

Site of origin of vagus and CN9 nerve?

A

Medulla

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8
Q

Unilateral soft palate and tongue reduced sensation, site of origin of involved cranial nerve?

A

Medulla

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve does not contain parasympathetic fibres?

A

Optic nerve

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10
Q

Origin of occulomotor nerve?

A

Midbrain

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11
Q

Numbness at the chin - nerve involved?

A

Mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

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12
Q

Numbness over the cheek - which nerve?

A

Infraorbital nerve

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13
Q

Nerve supplying forehead above eye?

A

Supra-orbital nerve

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14
Q

Numbness over the lower lip - which nerve?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

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15
Q

Numbness over lower lip and paralysis of muscles of mastication - which nerve?

A

V3 (Mandibular branch of trigeminal)

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16
Q

With intracranial haemorrhage/increased internal cranial pressure - which nerve?

A

Abducens

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17
Q

Single test to differentiate between UMNL and LMNL for facial nerve

A

Inability of eyebrow elevation

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18
Q

Nerve injury to parotid gland during surgery?

A

Facial nerve

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19
Q

Nerve injury during parotid glad surgery with drooping of the lip and asymmetric smile?

A

Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve

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20
Q

Nerve injury during superficial dissection of the parotid gland?

A

Great auricular nerve

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21
Q

Hoarseness of voice following thyroidectomy

A

Vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve)

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22
Q

Which nerve gives motor supply to the trapexius and sternocleidomastoid

A

Accessory nerve

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23
Q

Nerve injury in the posterior triangle of neck

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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24
Q

Patient unable to shrug shoulder - which nerve?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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25
Q

Patient with torticollis - which nerve?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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26
Q

After endarterectomy, the patient had deviated tongue - which nerve?

A

Hypoglossal

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27
Q

Numbness at the angle of the lower jaw - which nerve?

A

Greater auricular nerve (C2-3)

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28
Q

All of the following pass through the superior orbital fissure except

A

Ophthalmic artery

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29
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery pass through?

A

Optic canal

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30
Q

What does the maxillary nerve passes through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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31
Q

What does the mandibular nerve pass through

A

Foramen ovale

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32
Q

What does C9, 10, 11 pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

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33
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery pass through?

A

Foramen Spinosum

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34
Q

What does the internal carotid artery pass through?

A

Foramen lacerum

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35
Q

What does the hypoglossal nnerve pass through

A

Hypoglossal canal

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36
Q

What does the ophthalmic nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissue

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37
Q

In a cerebello-pontine angle lesion, what is the lesion and affected nerves?

A

Acoustic nmeuroma which affects CN 7, 8

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38
Q

The patient hit on the vertex, which sinus is affected?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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39
Q

What is the vertebral artery is a branch from?

A

Subclavian artery

40
Q

What does the verterbral artery pass through?

A

Foramen transversium of C6

41
Q

Which vessel will be affected by a fracture of the middle third of the clavicle?

A

Subclavian vein

42
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Anterior choroidal artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery

43
Q

Stroke with ACA. Presentation?

A

Lower limb more affected

44
Q

Nerve not contained in posterior triangle?

A

Ansa cervicalis 123

45
Q

Phrenic nerve is in which triangle?

A

Posterior triangle of neck

46
Q

During thyroidectomy, the infrahyoid muscules are divided where?

A

Upper part

47
Q

Neurovascular structures in the parotid gland?

A

NVAN
Facial nerve
Retromantibular vein
ECA and 2 terminal branches

48
Q

Which muscles does pharyngeal pouch lie between?

A

Cricopharyngeous and thyropharyngeous through inferior constrictor

49
Q

Ganglia responsible for lacrimation?

A

Sphenopalatine ganglion CN7

50
Q

Where is the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve located in?

A

Medulla

51
Q

Where is the trigeminal nerve nucleus present?

A

Pons

52
Q

What are the layer of the scalp?

A

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, periosteum

53
Q

What is the dangerous area of the scalp?

A

Extracranial in loose connective tissue
Emissary veins connected to intracranial veins?

54
Q

Sensory supply of scalp?

A

Cervical plexus (greater and lesser occipital nerve
Trigeminal nerve

55
Q

Internal carotid artery branches in neck?

A

No branches

56
Q

Venous drainage of the scalp?

A

Facial vein

57
Q

Muscles dividing triangle in posterior neck

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

58
Q

Structures passing in posterior triangle?

A

Nerves and plexus: Accessory nerve, cervical plexus, roots and trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerve

Vessels: Subclavian artery (third part) and terminal part of external jugular vein

Muscles: Inferior belly of omohyoid and 3 scalenes

59
Q

Structures passing in anterior triangle?

A

Facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve, anterior jugular vein, carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis and strap muscules

60
Q

What is in the carotid sheath

A

Common carotid artery, internal jugular, vagus

61
Q

Tongue sensation and lymph drainage/metastasis of anterior 2/3?

A

Taste: Corda tympani
Sensation: Lingual nerve
Lymph: Tip to submental, anterior 2/3 to unilateral sub-mandibnular then deep cervical

62
Q

Tongue sensation and lymph drainage/metastasis of posterior 2/3?

A

Glossopharangeal for sensation
Drainage bilateral to upper deep cervical node

63
Q

Submandibular Warthon duct opens in?

A

Frenulum in floor of mouth

64
Q

Parotid Stenson’s duct opens?

A

Opposite fo 2nd upper molar teeth

65
Q

What is the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side

A

Hooks around the right subclavian artery

66
Q

Superior thyroid artery and vein is from/drain into?

A

External carotid artery/drains into interior jugular vein

67
Q

Inferior thyroid artery and vein is from/drain into?

A

Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery/drains into left brachiocephalic vein

68
Q

What is the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve on the left side?

A

Hooks around arch of aorta

69
Q

What is the level of the hyoid bone?

A

C3

70
Q

What is the level of the common carotid bifurcation?

A

C4

71
Q

Level of the angle of louie and arch of aorta

A

T4

72
Q

Level of pulsation of CCA and end of trachea

A

C6

73
Q

Referred pain to ear during tonsillitis through?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

74
Q

What does abducens supply?

A

Lateral rectus

75
Q

What does trochlear supply?

A

Superior oblique

76
Q

Prominent C-vertebra felt?

A

C7

77
Q

Patient hears hyperacoustic sound - which nerve?

A

Facial nerve

78
Q

Vertebral artery intracranial branch?

A

Posterior inferior cerebral artery

79
Q

Which cerebellar branches do basilar artery give off?

A

Superior and anterior inferior cerebellar artery

80
Q

Circle of Willins anastomosis between?

A

2 internal carotid arteries and basilar arteries

81
Q

Source of bleeding during lumbar puncture?

A

Lumbar venous plexus

82
Q

Cervical verterbra which has long bifid spine?

A

Axis (C2)

83
Q

What does the dorsal root ganglion carry?

A

Sensory fibres

84
Q

Enlarged lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle - diagnosis?

A

Aqueduct of salivius occlusion

85
Q

Lateral horn of the dorsal spinal cord is part of which nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

86
Q

What is the last ligament to be encountered during lumbar puncture?

A

Ligamentum flavum

87
Q

Order of ligaments encountered in LP?

A

Supraspinous ligament, interpinous, ligamentum flavum

88
Q

CSF is collected from which space?

A

Subarachnoid space

89
Q

CSF is absorbed in which plexus?

A

Arachnoid plexus

90
Q

Disc hernation happens when…

A

Nucleus palposus herniates through a defect in annulous fibrosus

91
Q

Bony mark iliac crest is at which level

A

L4-5

92
Q

Adult spinal cords terminate at which level

A

L1

93
Q

Paediatric spinal cords terminate at which level

A

L3

94
Q

Spinal cord tract which carries sensation for motor signals?

A

Coricospinal

95
Q

Spinal cord tract which carries sensation for pain and temperature?

A

Spinothalamic

96
Q

What does lobe of ear drain into?

A

Superficial cervical nodes

97
Q

Which nerve can be damaged in carotid exploration?

A

Hypoglossal

MRCS (24 decks)

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