Microbiology Flashcards by Kat Qiao

What is Staph. aureus?

Coagulase positive staphylococci

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What is Staph. epidermidis?

Coagulase negative staphylococci

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What is Staph. saprophyticus?

Coagulase negative staphylococci
Commensal

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Which antibiotics are used against Staph. aureus?

Penicillin (90% hospital strains are resistant)
Flucloxacillin
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Fusidic acid
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin

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What are the beta-haemolytic types for streptococci?

Lancefield groups A, B, C and G

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What is Strep. pyogenes?

Lancefield group A

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What is Enterococcus faecalis?

Lancefield group B

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What is Strep. viridans?

Allpha haemolytic

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What is Strep. pneumoniae?

Gram positive encapsulated diplococci

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Which antibiotics are used against Strep. pyogenes?

Penicillin
Erythromycin (if pen-allergic, some strains resistant)
Clindamycin

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Which antibiotics are used against enterococci?

Ampicillin
Resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins

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Which antibiotics are used against streptococci??

Penicillin

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What are some examples of gram positive rods?

Clostridium perifringens
C. tetani
C. botulinum
C. difficile

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Are gram positive rods aerobes or anaerobes?

Anaerobes

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What is Neisseria?

Gram negative cocci

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What is E. Coli?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What is Klebisella?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What is Proteus?

Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What is Salmonella?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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Which salmonella can be split into types A, B and C?

Paratyphi

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What is Shigella?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What are enterobacters?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What is Yersinia?

Faculative Anaerobic
Gram negative bacilli

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What do Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica cause?

Food poisoning
Mesenteric adenitis

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What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Aerobic Gram negative bacilli

What is Bacteroides?

Anaerobic Gram negative bacilli

What is Campylobacter?

Gram negative spiral rods

What is H. influenzae?

Gram negative bacilli

What is H. pylori?

Gram negative spiral

What is Benpen used for?

Streptococci Penumococci Clostridia N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis

What are the main surgical indications for Benpen?

Prophylaxis of gas gangrene Prophylaxis of tetanus Streptococcal wound infections

What s PenV (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) used for?

Prophylaxis following splenectomy Prophylaxis in rheumatic heart disease Follows IV benpen to complete course

What is co-amox used for?

Coliforms Staphylococci Bacteroides First line in bites

What is tazocin used for?

Bacteroides Coliforms Klebsiella P. aeruginosa

What are first-generation cephalosporins?

Cefradine Cefalexin

What are first-gen cephs used for?

E. Coli Klebsiella Proteus Staph. auerus

What are first-gen cephs not active against?

Enterococci P. aeruginosa Anaerobes

What is a second-gen ceph?

Cefuroxime

What are second-gen cephs used for?

Broad-spec cover against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms Used in colorectal and biliary surgery

What are second-gen cephs not active against?

Pseudomonas Anaerobes

What are third-gen cephs?

Cefotaxime Ceftazidime

What are third-gen cephs used for?

Broad-spec cover Pseudomonas Reserved for severe sepsis Meningitis

What are precautions with regards to cephs?

Cross sensitivity in pen-allergic patients Must reduce dose in renal failure Mild rise in LFTs

What are examples of sulfonamides and trimethoprim?

Co-trimox Trimethoprim

What is co-trimox used for?

Gram positive and Gram neg cover Pneumocystis

What is resistant to co-trimox?

Pseudomonas

What are precautions with regards to co-trimox?

Leucopaenia Thrombocytopaenia

What are examples of macrolides?

Erythromycin Clarithromycin

What are macrolides active against?

Streptococci Staphylococci Clostridia Campylobacter

What are precautions with regards to macrolides?

Diarrhoea If given IV, phelbitis at site Potentiates warfarin and ciclosporin

What are exampoles of aminoglycosides?

Gent Amikacin

What are aminoglycosides used for?

Severe gram-negative infections Coliforms Pseudomonas Staphylococci

What are resistant to aminoglycosides?

Steptococci Anaerobes

What are precautions with aminoglycosides?

Ototoxicity

What is an example of a quinolone?

Cipro

What is cipro used for?

Gram-neg bacteria including pseudomonas and staphylococci Used for UTI Used for chest infection

What is metronidazole used for?

Anaerobic cover e.g. Bacteroides and clostridia Active against protozoa e.g. Entamoeba and Giardia Used for intraperitoneal sepsis and gynae sepsis

What is vanc active against?

Staphylococci Streptococci Clostridia Severe sepsis and intraperitoneal administration in CAPD peritonitis

What is teicoplanin used for?

Bactericidal glycopeptide active against both aerobic and anaerobic gram positive bacteria Staph. auerus Streptococci Enterococci Listeria monocytogenes Micrococci Gram-positive anaerobes including C. diff

What are carbapenems used for?

Very broad spec Gram negs, anaerobes, gram positives

What are carbapenems not used for?

MRSA

What are clindamycin used for?

Gram positive bacteria Anaerobes Can use in nec fasc

What is clindamyciun not used for?

Gram negative bacteria