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3 Neurology > Physiology 1: Neurones, Nerve Conduction and Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Physiology 1: Neurones, Nerve Conduction and Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

electrical information starts and ends in what areas of the neuron?

A

apical dendrites to axon

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2
Q

do dendrites convey electrical signals actively or passively to the cell body (soma)?

A

passively

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3
Q

where does the cell body deliver the electrical information it has received to?

A

axon hillock

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4
Q

what does a passive electric signal mean?

A

incoming signals do not create an AP they just cause a graded change

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5
Q

highest density of voltage activated Na channels is located where? what is the significance of this?

A

axon hillock

most likely place for an AP to be generated

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6
Q

transport of materials between the soma and presynaptic terminal is an example of ___ transport

A

anterograde

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7
Q

transport of materials from the presynaptic terminal to the soma is an example of ___ transport

A

retrograde

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8
Q

what form of transport is most often exploited by viruses to infect the neuron?

A

retrograde

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9
Q

a multipolar neuron is classed as having _ or more neurites

A

3

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10
Q

what is a pseudounipolar neuron?

A

a neuron with 1 neurite that bifurcates

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11
Q

give an example of a pseudounipolar neuron

A

dorsal root ganglion neurone

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12
Q

give an example of a multipolar neuron

A

lower motor neuron

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13
Q

name the 4 functional regions of a neuron from superior to inferior

A

input
integrative
conductile
output

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14
Q

what is a golgi type 1 neuron?

A

a neuron that has a long axon that begins in the grey matter of the CNS

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15
Q

threshold is defined as?

A

the mP required to activate voltage activated Na channels

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16
Q

define overshoot

A

brief period when polarity is reversed to positive (i.e when mP reaches 0)

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17
Q

where does neuron AP tend to peak?

A

+40mV

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18
Q

what is Na’s equilibrium potential?

A

+60mV

19
Q

why does the mP of the AP never reach Na’s equilibrium?

A

K+ channels start to open

20
Q

when will K+ channels close?

A

when the neuron mP goes back to its resting potential (-70mV)

21
Q

why do you get undershoot in an AP?

A

K+ channels close slowly so makes it go a bit more negative than the resting potential

22
Q

how do electrical signals stay strong over long distances eg to provide signals to the leg?

A

action potentials regenerate to keep the signal strong

23
Q

action potentials have a constant __

A

amplitude

24
Q

the nerve cell membrane is leaky T or F

A

T

25
Q

describe ohm’s law

A

I (current) x R (membrane resistance)

26
Q

mP change is a ___ proces that decays exponentially with distance T or F

A

passive

T

27
Q

the lamda value of an axon is the….

A

length constant (the determinant of how far a local current can spread)

28
Q

increasing what increases lamda’s value?

A

membrane resistance/axonal resistance aka rm/ri

29
Q

the longer the length constant the further…..

A

the local current spread

30
Q

a difference in mP will cause what flow?

A

local current flow

31
Q

if lamda is large…

A

the speed at which the AP moves along the axon is quicker

32
Q

how can you increased passive current spread though an axon?

A

decrease axon diameter (ri)

increase rm by adding an insulating material

33
Q

these insulating cells form many layers around a SINGLE axon

A 
schwann cell (PNS)
think swiss roll
34
Q

these insulating cells form a single layer around MANY axons

A

oligodendrocytes (CNS)

35
Q

why is myelin a good insulator?

A

it’s a fatty substance so doesn’t conduct

36
Q

the AP jumps from one __ _ ___ to the next

A

node of ranvier

37
Q

what is the node of ranvier?

A

a gap in the myelin sheath of a neuron between schwann cells

38
Q

name a neurotransmitter that is degraded by an enzyme, what is this enzyme

A

ACh

acetylcholinesterase

39
Q

most common type of synapse location

A

axodendritic (between an axon and dendrite)

40
Q

how do synaptic potentials differ from action potentials?

A

they are graded

41
Q

glutamate and glycine are examples of…

A

amino acids

42
Q

what substance(s) are released from synaptic vesicles?

A

ACh
amino acids
amines (all the A’s)

43
Q

what substance(s) are released from secretory vesicles?

A

peptides

44
Q

name the only substance that CANNOT activate GPCRs

A

glycine

3 Neurology (41 decks)

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