Formative Assessment Flashcards
pyramidal tracts arise from…
precentral gyrus
extrapyramidal tracts arise from…
brainstem
lateral CS tract controls..
voluntary motor control of limbs and digits
medial CS tract controls..
posture
lateral CS tract decussates at,,,
pyramids of medulla
corticobulbar tracts control motor function to…
muscles of face, head, neck
corticobulbar tract arises from…
motor cortex
name the only nerves not controlled by the corticobulbar tract
CN12
lower CN7
an UMN lesion to CN7 will present with what sparing?
forehead spared
rubrospinal tract controls…
excites flexor muscles of upper body only
why do you get decorticate posturing?
a lesion to the corticospinal tract means the rubrospinal takes over
why do you get decerebrate posturing?
a lesion in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tract means reticulospinal takes over
decerebrate posturing scores _ on a GCS score for motor function
2
decorticate posturing scores a _ on a GCS score for motor functioning
3
gracile nucleus control whats part of the body in DCML?
lower body
cuneate nucleus controls what part of the body in DCML?
upper body
brown sequard syndrome affects how much of the spinal cord?
1 side only (hemisection)
anterior cord syndrome is caused by…
infarction to ant spinal artery
patient stabbed in the back presenting with ipsilateral paralysis and decreased sensation
brown-sequard
weakness in upper body over lower body, cape like loss of sensation
central cord syndrome eg syringomyelia
a chiari malformation is associated with what condition
syringomyelia
name the 2 types of dura
periosteal
meningeal
young patient with head trauma with a haemorrhage
extradural
imaging findings of extradural haemorrhage
hyperdense biconvex lens appearance
low impact head trauma in an older patient causing haemorrhage?
chronic subdural haemorrhage
presentation of chronic subdural hameorrhage
progressive headache and confusion
“hypodense crescent shaped appearance”
chronic subdural haemorrhage
subarachnoid haemorrhage is mainly caused by an issue with ___ blood supply
arterial
how is definitive diagnosis for SAH found?
CT angiogram
“hyperdense signal in SA space”
subarachnoid haemorrhage
spontaneous SAH cause
berry aneurysm most likely
a hemorrhage in the bridging cerebral vein will arise between what menines?
dura
arachnoid
acute SAH will show up white on CT T or F
T
patient with HT, bradycardia, irregular bleeding and extensor response…..
cerebral herniation from increased ICP
what type of herniation can cause an unreactive pupil
uncal herniation
what does it mean if hoffman’s sign is positive?
the patient has an UMN lesion
define radiculopathy? what MN signs does it cause?
nerve pain along a specific nerve that has been damaged
LMN lesions
myelopathy causes what MN signs?
UMN
what investigation would differeniate between spinal stenosis and vascular claudication
ABPI - if normal lumbar stenosis
middle part of brain is supplied by,,,
ACA
main 3 symptoms of ant circulation stroke (middle, ant or both)? how do you decifer between partial and total?
higher cerebral dysfunction eg speech issue
homonomous visual field defect
ipsilateral motor/sensory deficit of at least 2 areas
2/3 = partial ant stroke 3/3= total ant stroke
main 3posterior circulation stroke symptoms
cerebellar dysfunction
isolated homonymous visual field defect
cranial nerve dysfunction
NO ARM/LEG INVOLVEMENT
main symptoms of lacunar stroke
a pure motor or pure sensory loss
main function of the parietal lobe
comprehension of language
R+L brain stuff eg knowledge of body parts
primary auditory cortex is located in…
superior temporal gyrus
oculomotor nucleus is located in…
the midbrain
a left superior quadrantopia indicates a lesion in what lobe and side of the brain
right temporal lobe
if you’re right handed your dominant brain side is…
the left
there is impaired __gaze in hydrocephalus
up
“cluster” headache with ptosis and miosis….
why is this the diagnosis
carotid dissection
sympathetics will be damaged from the dissection so pupil wont dilate
3rd nerve palsy can be due to an aneurysm in what artery?
posterior communicating artery
obese lady on the pill who has headaches worse on coughing and double vision…
IIH
most likely nerve palsy in IIH
6th nerve palsy
