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3 Neurology > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

a tumour is unlikely to bleed T or F

A

T

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2
Q

children tend to get what kind of brain tumours?

A

infratentorial neoplasms

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3
Q

what is a sign of an infratentorial neoplasm?

A

walking on tiptoes due to problematic cerebellar coordination
hydrocephalus

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4
Q

brain tumours are more common in adults than children T or F

A

F, 2nd most common cancer in children

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5
Q

general presentation of a brain tumour

A 
progressive neuro deficit
motor weakness
headache
seizures
behaviour changes
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6
Q

frontal lobe controls what functions?

A

personality
micturition
gait

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7
Q

what eye problem will a left occipital lobe tumour give?

A

right homonomous hemianopia

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8
Q

3 causes of increased pressure in the brain

A

blood eg haemorrhage
brain swelling
inc CSF

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9
Q

increased IC pressure produces what symptoms?

A

headaches
vomiting
mental changes
seizures

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10
Q

why can a swollen brain cause CN3 palsy

A

CN3 runs along the side of the brainstem as swollen CSF presses on the uncus

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11
Q

what diuretic is used to relieve pressure in the brain?

A

mannitol

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12
Q

what eye sign would make you think the brain is swollen

A

blown pupil

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13
Q

how does the brain physiologically control its own pressure

A

constricts arterioles to prevent blood entry

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14
Q

what kind of headache makes you think it could be a brain tumour

A

worse in the morning (WAKES THEM UP)
worse on cough/leaning forward
get nausea too
migraine/tension headache-like

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15
Q

2nd eye doesn’t adduct, other eye has nystagmus is indicative of…

A

MS

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16
Q

how does the brain try to physiologically respond to raised ICP? what is this process called?

A

increased BP
bradycardia
irregular resp
= cushings triad

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17
Q

Ix for suspected brain tumour

A
  1. CT for big things or blood
    MRI for tissue definition and chronic bleed
  2. lesion biopsy to confirm tumour type
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18
Q

main red flag screen for mets?

A

are they bleeding from anywhere??

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19
Q

what cells in the brain do glial tumours arise from?

A
  1. astrocytes

2. oligodendrocytes

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20
Q

Tx for grade 1 astrocytoma

A

surgery (curative)

21
Q

grade 1 astrocytomas are benign T or F

A

T

22
Q

who gets grade 1 astrocytomas

A

children and young people

23
Q

low grade premalignant astrocytomas tend to present with…

A

seizures

24
Q

low grade pre maignant astrocytomas tend to present in the __ lobe

A

temporal

25
Q

what factors affect the prognosis of an astrocytoma

A 
age >50
focal deficit
short duration of symptoms
raised ICP
altered consciousness
26
Q

should you operate on a benign tumour

A

yes if it is growing as it is premalignant

27
Q

Tx of grade 2 astrocytoma

A

surgery +/- :
radiation
chemo
combo of radio and chemo

28
Q

grade 2 astrocytomas can become what kind of tumour?

A

glioblastoma

29
Q

what brain tumour patients are not allowed to drive?

A

glioblastoma patients due to seizure risk
patients who have had seizures in the past yr
those with visual field defects

30
Q

who gets oligodendroglial tumours? where do they usually arise?

A

adults (25-45 yrs)

frontal lobe

31
Q

main presentation of oligodendroglial tumour?

A

seizures

32
Q

which glial tumour shows up with calcification?

A

oligodendroglial tumour

33
Q

Tx for ODG tumours?

A

surgery + chemo (very chemosensitive)

34
Q

a meningioma tends to arise from what cells

A

arachnoid cap cells

35
Q

meningioma symptoms?

A

headaches

cranial nerve neuropathies

36
Q

menigiomas are benign T or F

A

T

37
Q

name the4 types of malignant meningioma

A 
CCRaP
clear cell
chordoid
rhabdoid
papillary
38
Q

which type of tumour presents with a “dural tail” on MRI

A

meningioma

39
Q

Tx of meningiomas?

A

pre-op embolisation (look at vasculature of tumour)
surgery
radiotherapy

40
Q

name the 3 types of nerve sheath tumour

A

schwannoma aka neuroma
neurofibroma
MPST (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour)

41
Q

most common schwannoma? what condition makes you likely to get it?

A

vestibular affecting CN8

NF 2

42
Q

an acoustic neuroma makes you likely to get what complication in the brain?

A

hydrocephalus (blocks 4th ventricle)

43
Q

Tx of acoustic neuroma?

A

radiation
surgery
manage hydrocephalus

44
Q

complications of acoustic neuroma

A

CN7 palsy
corneal reflex problems
nystagmus

45
Q

who gets germ cell tumours?

A

children and teens (usually boys)

46
Q

Ix for germ cell tumours?

A

CT

47
Q

most common CNS germ cell tumour?

A

germinoma

48
Q

blood tests for a suspected midline tumour in a child?

A

ALP
b-HCG
LDH

49
Q

Tx for hydrocephalus?

A

VP shunt

3 Neurology (41 decks)

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