Neurosurgery Module: Neuro-oncology Flashcards
what are symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction and how can they be remembered?
DANISH dysdiadokinesis ataxia - broad based gait nystagmus intention tremor speech (scanning dysarthria) hypotonia
how can you test for an intention tremor in an exam?
finger to nose test
how can you test for nystagmus in an exam?
H test
a patient with a thalamic infarction will present with what?
hemiparesis
spontaneous pain
hemichorea
impaired consciousness
where is the subthalamus found?
immediately caudal to the thalamus
damage to the basal ganglia will primarily cause what problem?
alter muscle activity and tone (deficiency or excess of movement)
“pill rolling” tremor
parkinsons (thumb flexed to touch index)
main symptom of huntingtons
chorea
4 main CNS tumour symptoms
focal neuro deficit
headaches
seizures
cognitive slowing/personality changes
describe tumour headaches
worse on lying down
accompanied N+V
raised ICP symptoms
lesions of the primary motor cortex cause __lateral weakness
contra
personality changes, urinary incontinence, seizures and weakness in 1 side indicates a problem in what lobe?
frontal
temporal lobe symptoms?
memory deficits
contralateral superior quadrantanopia
seizures
potentially aphasia/dysphasia
if a patient had expressive aphasia and dysphagia where could the lesion be?
wernickes area in the temporal lobe
what visual problem would be present if the temporal lobe was affected? where would it present?
superior quadrantanopia in the CONTRAlateral eye
contralateral inferior quadrantanopia, right/left side brain dysfunction indicates a lesion where?
parietal lobe
neglect (a deficit in awareness of 1 side of the body) is a symptom of a problem with the ___ side of the brain
right
what visual problem would an occipital lobe problem present with?
homonymous hemianopia in the CONTRAlateral eye
homonomous hemianopia and visual hallucinations indicates…
a problem with the occipital lobe
most common primary brain tumours?
high grade glioma
who gets glioblastoma multiforme?
60-70 yr olds
glioblastoma is best seen on what imaging?
MRI
“butterfly appearance of tumour on imaging”
glioblastoma
most common form of low grade glioma
pilocytic astrocytoma
most common area for a pilocytic astrocytoma?
cerebellum
midline structures eg thalamus/chiasm
oligodendrogliomas affect….
the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere
meningiomas are intracranial T or F
T
who gets meningiomas?
people in their 60s-70s, mainly women
patients with what coniditon have a higher risk of developing multiple meningioma?
NF2
main PC for meningioma?
mainly asymptomatic but can present with headache
pituitary adenomas arise in what part of the pituitary gland?
anterior lobe
most common cause of chiasmal compression in adults?
macroadenomas
when would you suspect a patient with an acoustic neuroma has NF2?
if its bilateral
if the patient is young
most common PC of acoustic neuroma?
unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
tinnitus
vertigo
haemangioblastomas develop in the ___ fossa, which leads to what symptoms?
posterior cerebellar dysfunction (DANISH)
haemangioblastomas are associated with what condition?
von-hippel lindau syndrome
