Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales > PHYSICS - Stars and Planets > Flashcards

PHYSICS - Stars and Planets Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 8 planets orbiting the sun from closest to furthest

acronym =
may venus enter mars just slightly under nobody?

lol even some of it is in there

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 4 “smaller objects” in the solar system

acronym:
darn, must ass come?

yikers D:

A

Dwarf planets, Moons, Asteroids, Comets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are asteroids and where is it located?

Also why it no form a planet?

A
  • Could be remains of a smashed up planet/moon
  • Between Mars and Jupiter
  • Due to Jupiter’s gravity thought to keep em smeared out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are comets?
Whats wrong with their orbit?

A
  • “Dirty snowball” contains rock and ice
  • Their orbits are highly elliptical, probably why their orbits are sometimes longer than Pluto’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 8 planets from smallest to largest

(ig sun is included)

acronym:

mister mayor, view earth nicely under some justifying sizes

A

Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Desc. of a galaxy

A

A collection of billions of stars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Desc. of earth

A

Planet, object which orbits a star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Desc. of the sun

A
  • Burning ball of gas
  • Fuses hydrogen into helium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Desc. of the universe

A

A collection of billions of galaxies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Desc. of solar system

A

A group of planets and its stars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a light year?

A

The distance travelled by a light wave in one year

(1 ly = 9.5x10^15 metres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When should km be used in terms of space measurements?

A

Diameters of planets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should AU (Astronomical Unit) be used and what does it give us a good comparison with?

A

In the solar system, good comparison with earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When should light year be used?

A

Distance between stars and galaxies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a parsec?

A

Sorry bro, look at pg. 12

bruh it says:

parsec = 3.3 light years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. Nebula - what happens here
A
  • Dust and gas (hydrogen & helium) in space collect to form a gas cloud called nebula
  • Gravity causes them to attract each other
  • Gravitation energy of the particles converts to kinetic energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. Protostar - what happens here
A
  • As hydrogen and helium collapse in on each other, they start to collide
  • During collisions, kinetic energy of particles converts to heat energy
  • Centre of nebula heats up and becomes protostar
18
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. Main sequence stars - what happens here
A
  • After centre of protostar reaches 15 mil degrees, hydrogen fuses to produce helium
  • Once that starts, star produces its own energy, so it’s in its main sequence
  • During this, inward force of gravity is balanced by outward forces of gas pressure + electromagnetic radiation

(fun fact - our sun is half way through this stage)
WOW I’M SO INFORMED

19
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. SMALL MASS STAR
    a) Red Giant - what happens here
A
  • Stars only enter this stage when hydrogen runs out
  • Star starts shrinking
  • Centre heats up, causes heavier elements to fuse
  • Star then increases in size forming a red giant
  • Happens cuz outwards radiation and gas pressure greater than inwards gravitational pull
  • Small stars would produce elements up to carbon and oxygen

If this happens to our sun, it’ll consume inner planets like our earth
(OMG NOOOO)

20
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. SMALL MASS STAR
    b) White Dwarf - what happens here
A
  • Nuclear fusion stops
  • Due to temperatures not high enough to fuse heavier elements
  • Outer layers of red dwarf ejected as a planetary nebula, leaving core of star
  • Star will still emit light due to thermal energy still being given off
  • Thermal energy eventually stop = white dwarf –> black dwarf
21
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. SMALL MASS STAR
    c) Black Dwarf - what happens here
A
  • Unfortunately, it has finally ran out of fuel
  • Cools into a black dwarf which doesn’t radiate energy
  • Sad star death :(
22
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. LARGE MASS STAR
    a) Red Super Giant - what happens here
A
  • Quite similar with Red Giant however
  • This one produces more energy as it uses its fuel up at a greater rate
  • And also elements up to Iron (most stable element) can be produced
23
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. LARGE MASS STAR
    b) Supernova - what happens here
A
  • Due to fast fuel consumption
  • And also technically when it produces iron
  • Core contracts centre
  • Heats soo much that
  • Explodes, flinging rest of star into space

(Elements up to Uranium (heaviest naturally occurring elements) formed in this phase

24
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. LARGE MASS STAR
    c) Neutron Star - what happens here
A
  • Explosion causes core to be compressed
  • A very small object called a ‘Neutron Star’
  • Spins and gives off EM radiation of the form of pulsars
25
Q

The life cycle of a star (omg so yummy we love this)

  1. LARGE MASS STAR
    d) Black Hole - what happens here
A
  • Due to some massive stars causing large super novas
  • May allow core to shrink even further to create a ‘black hole’
  • Gravity very strong = no light can escape from that hole in space
26
Q

How does a star obtain energy?

A

Nuclear fusion

  • Fusing light nuclei (isotopes of hydrogen), into heavier nuclei (helium)
27
Q

What causes star to begin nuclear fusion?

A
  • Large mass of star creates extremely large gravitational force
  • ^^^ seeks to squeeze star into smaller volumes
  • Force resisted by gas particles colliding, pushing outwards
  • ^^^ creates an outward gas pressure
  • Squeeze effect creates heat, right conditions for nuclear fusion :0000
28
Q

What are the conditions for fusion?

A

High pressure
* Very high density, little room for space, higher chance of collisions
(Density of gas gotta be greater than the metal lead)

High temperatures
* High speed allowing positive hydrogen nuclei to overcome repulsion force to fuse
* ( Approx 10 million degrees needed in star)

29
Q

How is a star considered stable?

A

When internal forces are in equilibrium

Outward EM Radiation Pressure + Outward Gas Pressure = Inwards Pull of Gravity

30
Q

Explain stable phase of star

A
  • Remains in this for billions of years
  • As supply of fuel runs out, rate of fusion decreases
31
Q

Explain shrinking phase of star

A
  • If rate of fusion falls
  • Outwards pressure drops
  • Star shrinks under the larger gravitational force
32
Q

Explain expansion phase of star

A
  • If rate of fusion increases
  • Outwards radiation pressure increases
  • Star expands
33
Q

What are the name of the 3 forces acting on a star?

A

Gravity & pressure & EM radiation

34
Q

Explain in terms of forces what happens when a star becomes a red giant?

A

Gas pressure + Em radiation > gravity

35
Q

What are the “3” elements present before the birth of anything larger in the Universe?

A

1) Hydrogen (approx 75%)
2) Helium (approx 25%)
3) Light nuclei such as Lithium (Less than 1%)

36
Q

Whats the heaviest element that can be produced from a small star like the Sun?

A

Carbon & Oxygen

37
Q

Up to what element can be made inside a red supergiant?

A

Iron

38
Q

If Uranium is found in Earth, what does this suggest bout’ our solar system?

A

Issss created from a supernova

39
Q

Our solar system classed as a 2nd gen, what this mean?

A

1 star died creating our solar system

40
Q

Idk but if u want, look at pg 23

A

I mean, really is your choice

41
Q

Now this is important, look at page 27.

A

This is what happens when you don’t fucking got access to images on brainscape

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions