BIOLOGY - The role of the kidney in Homeostasis

Question 1

what does excretion mean

Answer 1

removal of metabolic waste products from the body

Question 2

what are the two functions of the kidney

Answer 2

-to regulate the water content of the blood
-to remove waste products from the blood, eg urea, excess salts

Question 3

what are all 10 parts of the excretory system

Answer 3

vena cava
aorta
diaphragm
kidney
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
bladder
sphincter muscle
urethra

( you can remember this ye, but how will u know what they look like? cuz u have to use THE FUCKING BOOK)

Question 4

where is urea made

Answer 4

the liver

Question 5

what is urea made from

Answer 5

broken down amino acids

Question 6

where does the harmful urea travel to in order to be removed from the body? and how?

Answer 6

travels to the kidney through the blood

Question 7

what is in the urine of a healthy person?

whats in the urine of a person with a diseased kidney?

whats in the urine of a person with diabetes?

Answer 7

healthy urine = water + urea + salt

urine of person with diseased kidney = water + urea + salt + blood + cells

urine of a diabetic person = water + urea + salt + glucose

Question 8

where are the kidneys found in the body

Answer 8

back of the body

Question 9

what are the 3 main parts of the longitudinal section through a kidney

Answer 9

the outer cortex
the middle medulla
the inner pelvis

(look in book)

Question 10

what are kidneys made up of

Answer 10

thousands of tiny tubules
aka nephrons, i think

Question 11

why is the cortex darker than the medulla

Answer 11

more blood vessels

Question 12

what major process occurs in the cortex and the medulla

Answer 12

cortex - ultra filtration
medulla - selective reabsorption

Question 13

kidneys are covered in fat, why?

Answer 13

to protect them

Question 14

what 3 tubes are connected to the kidney

Answer 14

renal artery
renal vein
ureter

Question 15

blood from the kidney travels to the heart, after that which is the next organ it goes to?

Answer 15

lungs

Question 16

what fluid goes along the ureter tube

Answer 16

urine

Question 17

the ureter tube takes urine to which organ

Answer 17

bladder

Question 18

state the function of the bladder

Answer 18

store urine

Question 19

what 3 substances are present in urine

Answer 19

salt water urea

Question 20

what tube does the urine leave through after being stored in the bladder

Answer 20

urethra

Question 21

what substance is removed by the kidneys in the largest amount

Answer 21

salt

Question 22

state 2 methods of treating kidney failure

Answer 22

transplant
dialysis

Question 23

which hormone is faulty in diabetic people that causes them to produce abnormal urine

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

what is insulin

Answer 24

• hormone that controls level of glucose in the blood
• when glucose levels are too high, more insulin is made

Question 25

what are the 2 pros and 2 cons of dialysis

Answer 25

pros -machines are available -no tissue matching cons -expensive -controlled diet

Question 26

what are 3 pros and 3 cons of a transplant

Answer 26

pros -no diet restrictions -dont need to visit the hospital often -relatively normal life style cons -lack of donors -major surgery -kidney may get rejected (need a tissue match)

Question 27

there is one situation where there is no risk of a new kidney being rejected in a transplant, what is it?

Answer 27

identical twins

Question 28

transplanted organs don't last forever, how long does the average transplanted kidney work for? and what happens after that

Answer 28

• works for 9 years on average • after that dialysis must be then used until another donor is found

Question 29

what happens to your body cells if the concentration of the tissue fluid became too dilute

Answer 29

cells swell/burst, water enters cells by osmosis

Question 30

what happens to your body cells if the concentration of the tissue fluid became too concentrated

Answer 30

cells shrink/shrivel, water leaves cells by osmosis

Question 31

what is ADH and whats it do?

Answer 31

• a hormone (anti diuretic hormone) • water balance is controlled by ADH, • ADH causes kidneys to reabsorb more water and your urine becomes more concentrated

Question 32

how do the kidneys clean blood

Answer 32

by filtering it • the kidney is made up over a million filtering units/tubes called nephrons.

Question 33

what happens to the blood pressure in the glomerulus

Answer 33

increases

Question 34

the walls of the glomerulus and bowmans capsule have small holes in them, what do you think might happen

Answer 34

filtration of small molecules (farted out of the body)

Question 35

5 small molecules that pass into the bowman's capsule include

Answer 35

urea glucose salt water amino acids

Question 36

what substance is not filtered from the blood plasma

Answer 36

protein as its too large to be filtered out of the plasma

Question 37

list the 5 substances which are filtered from the blood

Answer 37

water glucose amino acids urea sodium salts

Question 38

name two substances which are filtered from the blood and which dont appear in the urine

Answer 38

amino acids and glucose

Question 39

give two ways in which blood leaving a kidney is different from blood entering it

Answer 39

has no urea and less salts

Question 40

in the kidney, blood is filtered under high pressure in the?

Answer 40

in the glomeruli (plural for glomerulus)

Question 41

whats the most important precaution that has to be taken BEFORE a kidney transplant takes place

Answer 41

tissue matching

Question 42

whats the most important precaution that has to be taken AFTER a kidney transplant has taken place and the surgery is completed.

Answer 42

immunosuppressant drugs must be consumed

Question 43

what process does dialysis depend on

Answer 43

diffusion