BIOLOGY - The role of the kidney in Homeostasis Flashcards
what does excretion mean
removal of metabolic waste products from the body
what are the two functions of the kidney
-to regulate the water content of the blood
-to remove waste products from the blood, eg urea, excess salts
what are all 10 parts of the excretory system
vena cava
aorta
diaphragm
kidney
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
bladder
sphincter muscle
urethra
( you can remember this ye, but how will u know what they look like? cuz u have to use THE FUCKING BOOK)
where is urea made
the liver
what is urea made from
broken down amino acids
where does the harmful urea travel to in order to be removed from the body? and how?
travels to the kidney through the blood
what is in the urine of a healthy person?
whats in the urine of a person with a diseased kidney?
whats in the urine of a person with diabetes?
healthy urine = water + urea + salt
urine of person with diseased kidney = water + urea + salt + blood + cells
urine of a diabetic person = water + urea + salt + glucose
where are the kidneys found in the body
back of the body
what are the 3 main parts of the longitudinal section through a kidney
the outer cortex
the middle medulla
the inner pelvis
(look in book)
what are kidneys made up of
thousands of tiny tubules
aka nephrons, i think
why is the cortex darker than the medulla
more blood vessels
what major process occurs in the cortex and the medulla
cortex - ultra filtration
medulla - selective reabsorption
kidneys are covered in fat, why?
to protect them
what 3 tubes are connected to the kidney
renal artery
renal vein
ureter
blood from the kidney travels to the heart, after that which is the next organ it goes to?
lungs
what fluid goes along the ureter tube
urine
the ureter tube takes urine to which organ
bladder
state the function of the bladder
store urine
what 3 substances are present in urine
salt water urea
what tube does the urine leave through after being stored in the bladder
urethra
what substance is removed by the kidneys in the largest amount
salt
state 2 methods of treating kidney failure
transplant
dialysis
which hormone is faulty in diabetic people that causes them to produce abnormal urine
insulin
what is insulin
• hormone that controls level of glucose in the blood
• when glucose levels are too high, more insulin is made
what are the 2 pros and 2 cons of dialysis
pros
-machines are available
-no tissue matching
cons
-expensive
-controlled diet
what are 3 pros and 3 cons of a transplant
pros
-no diet restrictions
-dont need to visit the hospital often
-relatively normal life style
cons
-lack of donors
-major surgery
-kidney may get rejected (need a tissue match)
there is one situation where there is no risk of a new kidney being rejected in a transplant, what is it?
identical twins
transplanted organs don’t last forever, how long does the average transplanted kidney work for? and what happens after that
• works for 9 years on average
• after that dialysis must be then used until another donor is found
what happens to your body cells if the concentration of the tissue fluid became too dilute
cells swell/burst, water enters cells by osmosis
what happens to your body cells if the concentration of the tissue fluid became too concentrated
cells shrink/shrivel, water leaves cells by osmosis
what is ADH and whats it do?
• a hormone (anti diuretic hormone)
• water balance is controlled by ADH,
• ADH causes kidneys to reabsorb more water and your urine becomes more concentrated
how do the kidneys clean blood
by filtering it
• the kidney is made up over a million filtering units/tubes called nephrons.
what happens to the blood pressure in the glomerulus
increases
the walls of the glomerulus and bowmans capsule have small holes in them, what do you think might happen
filtration of small molecules (farted out of the body)
5 small molecules that pass into the bowman’s capsule include
urea
glucose
salt
water
amino acids
what substance is not filtered from the blood plasma
protein as its too large to be filtered out of the plasma
list the 5 substances which are filtered from the blood
water
glucose
amino acids
urea
sodium salts
name two substances which are filtered from the blood and which dont appear in the urine
amino acids and glucose
give two ways in which blood leaving a kidney is different from blood entering it
has no urea
and less salts
in the kidney, blood is filtered under high pressure in the?
in the glomeruli (plural for glomerulus)
whats the most important precaution that has to be taken BEFORE a kidney transplant takes place
tissue matching
whats the most important precaution that has to be taken AFTER a kidney transplant has taken place and the surgery is completed.
immunosuppressant drugs must be consumed
what process does dialysis depend on
diffusion
