Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales > BIOLOGY - Response and regulation > Flashcards

BIOLOGY - Response and regulation Flashcards

1
Q

what does auxin mean

A

plant hormone involved in phototropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is benedict’s solution

A

chemical reagent used to test for glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is blood plasma

A

the liquid part of blood that carries soluble substances around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is diabetes

A

a condition which a persons blood glucose may rise to a fatally high level because the body does not produce enough insulin

• a condition
• persons blood glucose may rise to a fatally high level
• due to body not producing enough insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the effector

A

muscle glands that respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are enzymes

A

biological catalysts that help to speed up the rate of chemical reactions (metabolism) in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is evaporation in terms of sweat thing

A

• the process of water in sweat changing to water vapor
• it uses some body heat, cooling the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is glucagon

A

• protein hormone made by pancreas
• regulates blood glucose levels
• converts stored glycogen back into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is glycogen

A

• a substance stored in the liver and muscles
• is converted into glucose as the body requires energy for metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is gravitropism

A

the growth movement in a plant in response to the direction of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is homeostasis

A

when the body maintains constant optimal conditions in the body e.g. temperature, water levels in blood and glucose concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical (protein) messengers carried in the blood, which control many body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are impulses

A

electrical signals carried by neurones (nerve cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is insulin

A

• protein hormone made by pancreas
• regulates blood glucose levels
• converts excess glucose into glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is metabolism

A

the chemical process that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is negative feedback

A

a process in which a change in a factor, such as blood glucose level, brings about processes which change its level back towards normal again.

• a process which a change in factor
• e.g. blood glucose levels
• start processes to change level back to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a neurone?
what it do?
2 types of neurones + info?

A

• a nerve cell,
• they carry electrical impulses through body

• sensory neurones carry info from receptors to CNS
• motor neurones carry info from CNS to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is pancreas

A

a body organism that makes the hormone insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is phototropism

A

the growth movement in a plant in response to the direction of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are receptor cells, and where are they found

A

cells that detect changes in the environment . found in sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is reflex action

A

fast, automatic responses to a stimulus. Has a protective function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a relay neurone

A

a neurone that transmits an impulse from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

whats a sense organ

A

organs that collect info about the environment (internal and external) and send it to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a stimulus

A

a change in the environment that the body reacts to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is thermoregulation
the process of the body controlling its internal temperature
26
what is tropism
a directional growth response of a plant to a stimulus
27
what is the role of the nervous system
to control and co-ordinate the senses and responses in the body
28
give an example of receptor cells and what they detect
tastebuds, detect chemicals in food
29
what is a nerve
a bundle of nerve fibres
30
nerve cells dont touch each other, a small gap is present, what is this gap called
synapse
31
describe how the nervous system works
1) stimulated receptors send nerve impulses • along a sensory neurone to CNS 2) CNS co-ordinates the best response to the stimulus 3) sends electrical impulses • along the motor neurone to effector • which carries out the response
32
what is the term for when a plant grows towards the stimulus
positive tropism
33
where do plants grow towards and why
the light, for more photosynthesis
34
what is the advantage of positive phototropism in shoots
allows more photosynthesis
35
whichever way a seed is planted, the root always grows which way? and what tropism does it show
downwards (this shows positive gravitropism in roots)
36
what is the advantage of positive gravitropism in roots
can get water and minerals from soil
37
which part of the shoot is sensitive to light
the tip
38
what are the 5 parts of the eye and functions
-sclera • protective, tough white outer coat -cornea • clear part of sclera • allows light to enter • refracts light entering -iris • coloured part of eye • contains muscles that alter the size of the pupil • control amount of light entering the eye -pupil • hole in the center of the eye • lets light enter the eye -lens • changes shape to focus light onto the retina
39
What are the 4 other parts of the eye and functions
-choroid • pigmented layer • absorbs light to prevent reflection • prevents light being detected several times • Also contains blood vessels. -retina • light sensitive layer (photoreceptor cells) that detect light • an image is formed here -blind spot • where the optic nerve leaves the eye • there are no light sensitive cells here. -optic nerve • carries electrical impulses from retina to the brain
40
what happens when you shine light near the eye and when there is no light
when shining light = pupils go smaller when theres no light = pupils dilate
41
list some reflex actions
gag reflex pupil size flinching
42
which part of the eye could be damaged if the pupil size did not change in bright light
retina
43
what is the function of the co-ordinator
ensures the appropriate motor neurone is stimulated
44
suggest why in the withdrawal reflex, the spinal cord is involved but the pupil and blinking reflexes involve the brain
goes to whichever part of the CNS is closest for faster response
45
list 3 factors your body needs to keep constant
temperature water pH
46
chemical reactions in the cells produce waste products such as? and where do they enter and afterwards?
urea and carbon dioxide enter through tissue fluid and absorbed back into blood at the venous end of the capillary.
47
at the arterial end of the capillary, some parts of the plasma are forced out of the leaky capillaries, this fluid bathes the body cells and carries substances such as:
glucose and oxygen
48
what can too little water and too much water cause
too little = bodily fluids too concentrated and damage the body too much = dilutes body fluids
49
what chemical allows the concentration of our body fluids to be maintained within safe limits?
hormones
50
what is the main fluid of the body
glucose
51
whats the word equation for aerobic respiration
oxygen + glucose -------> carbon dioxide + water
52
on a hot day how is your urine production affected, and explain why
• less volume and more concentrated • cuz more water lost as sweat, so to compensate, less water lost in urine to avoid dehydration.
53
what monitors the blood/glucose concentration
cells in the pancreas
54
what is type 1 diabetes caused by
-body overreacting to a virus, with result that the immune system destroys its own insulin producing cells in pancreas. -possibly genetic • just say immune system destroys its own insulin producing cells in pancreas
55
what is treatment for type 1 diabetes
-insulin injections -low sugar/carbs diet -metformin tablets
56
what is type 2 diabetes caused by
-old age is a common cause -diet high in carbs/sugar -obesity
57
what is treatment for type 2 diabetes
-insulin injections -low carbs/sugar diet -metformin tablets
58
what are symptoms of diabetes
-glucose present in urine -uncontrollable blood glucose levels -feeling tired
59
what is type 1 diabetes
when your pancreas doesnt produce insulin
60
what is type 2 diabetes
• pancreas still produces some insulin • liver cells do not properly respond to the insulin produced
61
why should a diabetic person not eat a lot of sugary foods
they cant regulate their blood glucose concentration
62
what happens if a diabetic person gets injected with too much insulin
their blood glucose concentration would fall too low
63
what is the term for when someones blood glucose concentration falls too low
hypoglycaemia
64
what are all the parts of a vertical section through the skin
hair sweat pore epidermis sweat duct Capillaries sweat gland fat cells oil gland receptor cells erector msucles
65
what do the receptor cells in the skin do
detect the temperature and send chemical impulses along sensory neurons to the brain
66
what happens if the body temperature goes above or below the optimum temperature of 37 degrees
brain sends messages to skin to carry out corrective mechanisms to get the body back to normal
67
what corrective mechanisms take place when you get too hot
sweat glands make more sweat, sweat travels up sweat duct and out of sweat pore onto the skin surface. Sweat evaporates from skin surface, increasing the cooling rate. body doesnt shiver. erector muscle relaxes and hair flattens. less insulating air is trapped next to skin, so less insulation. body vessel diameter widens .more blood flows to skin surface so more heat is lost by radiation. Cooling rate increases.
68
what corrective mechanisms take place when you get too cold
shivering - skin muscles contract and relax rapidly producing heat, warming up the blood. Body doesnt sweat erector muscle contracts and hair strands. More insulating air is trapped next to skin so more insulation. blood vessel diameter shrinks. less blood flows to skin surface so less heat is lost by radiation, cooling rate decreases.
69
what are stimuli detected by
receptor cells
70
there must be a reposnse that reverses stimuli. what are these responses made by
effectors
71
name 2 parts of the body that alcohol is absorbed through into the blood stream
stomach small intestine
72
your body cells absorb alcohol and oxidise it, releasing heat, what happens to the heat
heat radiates from skin
73
oxidation of alcohol produces water as a waste product, this is excreted by the skin as sweat, what effect does this have on body fluids
decrease in body fluids - causes dehydration
74
is alcohol a depressant or a stimulant
depressant
75
what 4 effects does alcohol have on the nervous system
-slows reaction -increase reaction time -judgment is impaired -loss of concentration
76
why do some people think that there should be a zero limit if you are driving for alcohol Why do some people think that you should've even have any mg of alcohol before driving?
effects of alcohol start even at low levels
77
alcohol can be addictive, what does this mean
dependance and cravings, they need alcohol to function normally
78
name the liver disease that is caused by excessive, prolonged drinking of alcohol
cirrhosis
79
name another body organ that can be affected by the excessive alcohol consuption
heart
80
whats pros and cons of aspirin use
pro - pain killer con - risk of stomach ulcers
81
name an illegal drug and the effect on the body
cocaine effects such as can make you feel happy or confident increases your energy can make you paranoid
82
drugs change various chemical processes in people's bodies so that they can become dependent on them, what term is used to describe this dependance
addiction
83
when someone tries to give up a drug theyr dependant on, they can suffer symptoms, like cravings for nicotine and poor concentration, whats the term for these symptoms called
withdrawal symptoms

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions