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GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales > CHEMISTRY - Metals and their Extraction > Flashcards

CHEMISTRY - Metals and their Extraction Flashcards

1
Q

where are ores found

A

the earths crust

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2
Q

what does native form mean

A

when you can get it in it’s natural form

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3
Q

what does precipitate mean

A

insoluble solid made from 2 liquids

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4
Q

what does (aq) mean

A

aqueous = dissolved in water

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5
Q

what is the order of the metals reactivity thing of most reactive to least reactive

(Philipinos suck large cock moaning aggressively cuz zyrill is the lucky human carrying slightly giant penis)
P.S.L.C.M.A.C.Z.I.T.L.H.C.S.G.P

A

potassium
sodium
lithium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
tin
lead
hydrogen
copper
silver
gold
platinum

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6
Q

what 4 extraction methods are used for the metal reactivity series

might not understand this
Cuz He Carrying
(where it ends for the methods)

A

potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon = electrolysis

zinc iron tin lead hydrogen = chemical reaction with carbon.

copper = chemical reaction

silver gold platinum = native form

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7
Q

how do displacement reactions work and give an example

A

more reactive metals can displace a less reactive metal from its compound.

eg. zinc + copper chloride —–> zinc chloride + copper

the Zinc replaced the copper because zinc is more reactive than copper

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8
Q

what is the thermit reaction
what is it used for
what is it an example of

A

its an example of a displacement reaction since a more reactive metal removes a less reactive metal from its compound

when a powdered mixture of aluminium and Iron(III) oxide is heated together to produce molten iron.

used in the rail industry to weld rails together on a train track

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9
Q

what does molten mean

A

liquid form due to elevated temperature

(not the same as aqueous)

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10
Q

what is the thermit reaction an example of

A

its an example of a displacement reaction since a more reactive metal removes a less reactive metal from its compound

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11
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for the thermit reaction

A

2Al + Fe2O3 —–> Al2O3 + 2Fe

(look at book)

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12
Q

why does the thermit reaction take place

A

aluminium is more reactive so it displaces iron

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13
Q

is the thermit reaction exothermic or endothermic

A

highly exothermic

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14
Q

how does oxidation work

A

oxidation is the gain of oxygen, loss of electrons and hydrogen
OIL =
Oxidation
involves
loss of electrons/hydrogen

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15
Q

how does reduction work

A

reduction is the loss of oxygen, gain of electrons and hydrogen
RIG =
Reduction
involves
gain of electrons/hydrogen

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16
Q

what reaction involves both oxidation and reduction

A

the redox reaction

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17
Q

To obtain pure iron what is done?
is it reduction or oxidation?

A

using a blast furnace, the oxygen is removed from iron oxide compouds.

this is a reduction reaction as the oxygen is lost

18
Q

what is the purpose of iron ore, coke, limestone for iron extraction using blast furnace

A

iron ore is source of iron
coke is for reduction of iron oxide
limestone removes impurity

(coke is an impure form of carbon)

19
Q

what does electrolysis mean

A

the process of splitting up an ionic compound using electricity

20
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

the liquid used in the process of electrolysis

21
Q

what is an electrode

A

the conductor through which the electricity leaves or enters

22
Q

what is a cathode

A

a negative electrode

23
Q

what is an anode

A

a positive electrode

24
Q

why are metals more reactive than carbon extracted by electrolysis

A

they are too reactive to be extracted by reduction with carbon

25
Q

during electrolysis, which electrode does the positive and negatively charged ions move to?

A

the positively charged ions (cations) go to the negative electrode - the cathode

the negatively charged ions (anions) go to the positively charged electrode - the anode

26
Q

during electrolysis, what is the substance being broken down known as?

A

the electrolyte

27
Q

what happens at the cathode during electrolysis?

A

-reduction, so loosing oxygen and gaining electrons
-metals are formed

28
Q

what happens at the anode during electrolysis

A

-oxidation, so gaining oxygen and loosing electrons
-non metals are formed

29
Q

what are the environmental impacts of extracting aluminium
by electrolysis

A

aluminum oxide has a high melting point so it takes a lot of heat energy to melt it, costing money and using up fossil fuels, which release CO2, leading to global warming.

It also requires electricity for the extraction, which is generated in power stations where fossil fuels are burned.

there are also other costs such as replacing the anode.

30
Q

what can be added to the extraction of aluminium to reduce the melting point which will therefore reduce energy to melt it?

A

cryolite - reduces melting point and therefore energy to melt it.

31
Q

why is it important to recycle aluminium

A

it uses far less energy and reduces waste at landfill sites

32
Q

what are 3 properties and uses of aluminium

A

properties
- light weight
- low density
- conducts electricity + heat

used for
- aircrafts
- trains
- cooking foil

33
Q

what are 3 uses and properties of copper

A

-good conductor of electricity + heat
-malleable (can be easily bent/shaped)
-resistant to corrosion (very unreactive)

used for
-electrical wiring
-gas pipes
-water pipes ( doesnt react with water)

34
Q

what are 3 uses and properties of Iron (steel)

A

-malleable
-hard and strong
- conducts heat + electricity

used for
-buildings
-cars
-construction industry

35
Q

what are 3 uses and properties of titanium

A

-low density
-light weight for its size
-resists corrosion

used for
-fighter aircrafts
-artificial hip joints
-pipes in nuclear power stations

36
Q

steel is a mixture of what?

A

iron and carbon

37
Q

why do we electroplate metals

A

to coat a substance with a thin layer of metal that has desirable properties

38
Q

what is an example where electroplating occurs

A

silver plated jewlery

39
Q

what colour precipitate do you get when you add sodium hydroxide to Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+?

A

Cu2+ = blue precipitate

Fe2+ = green precipitate

Fe3+ = brown precipitate

40
Q

what is an alloy and give an example

A

mixture of 2 or more elements, of which at least one element is a metal.

bronze - mixture of copper and tin

41
Q

how are alloys made?

A

mixing molten metals

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales (21 decks)

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