BIOLOGY - Classification and Biodiversity

Question 1

what does biodiversity mean

Answer 1

the number and variety of different species in an area

Question 2

what does vertebrate mean

Answer 2

an animal with a backbone

Question 3

what does invertebrate mean

Answer 3

an animal without a backbone

Question 4

What is morphology?

Answer 4

The study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

Question 5

What is DNA?

Answer 5

A molecule that genes are made from

Question 6

wat does classification mean

Answer 6

putting organisms into groups according to their similarities, a hierarchical system is used.

Question 7

what does interspecific competition mean

Answer 7

competition for resources between organisms of different species

Question 8

what does intraspecific competition mean

Answer 8

competition for resources between organisms of the same species

Question 9

what does bias mean

Answer 9

sampling bias is when the sample in the question is not representative of the general population

Question 10

what does accuracy mean

Answer 10

a measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value

• the closeness of a measured value to the true value

Question 11

what does precision mean

Answer 11

this shows the closeness of agreement between measured values.

Question 12

what does repeatability mean

Answer 12

the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a single learner/group

Question 13

what does reproducibility mean

Answer 13

the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a different learners/group

Question 14

what does biological control mean

Answer 14

the control of a pest by using a natural predator

Question 15

wat does alien species mean

Answer 15

a species introduced (deliberately or accidentally) into a habitat from another country where it has never lived before

Question 16

what does habitat mean

Answer 16

place where an organism lives

Question 17

what does random mean

Answer 17

by chance and not biased

Question 18

what does sampling mean

Answer 18

studying a small section

Question 19

what does representative mean

Answer 19

a good estamite of the whole area

Question 20

what does abundance mean

Answer 20

how much of each species there are in an area

Question 21

what does distribution mean

Answer 21

how the species is spread across an area

Question 22

what does population mean

Answer 22

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 23

suggest two broad kingdoms for living organisms and small description

Answer 23

animals (they move in search of food)
&
plants (they make their own food by photosynthesis)

Question 24

animals and plants are two broad kingdoms for living organisms, suggest the sub groups within these and give examples of them

Answer 24

for animal there is
• invertebrates, do not have a backbone, eg - insects
• vertebrates, do have a backbone, eg - snakes

for plants there is
• flowering, produce flowers, eg - sunflowers and trees
• non flowering , don’t produce flowers, eg - moss, ferns

Question 25

what does the term morphological features mean

Answer 25

to do with physical appearance/what they look like

Question 26

since not all organisms can be placed into the plant and animal kingdom , a 5 kingdom classification system is used using morphological features what are the 5 kingdom classification system

Answer 26

1 - animals 2 - fungi 3 - plants 4 - bacteria 5 - single cell organisms

Question 27

kingdoms can be subdivided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and a phyla can be subdivided into classes give an example of a phyla from the animal kingdom

Answer 27

vertebrates or invertebrates they are subdivided from the animal kingdom

Question 28

give examples of the 5 classes that are subdivided from phyla from the animal kingdom acronym : MR FAB

Answer 28

m - mammals r - reptiles f- fish a - amphibians b - birds

Question 29

what 3 features does a mammal have and give an example of a mammal

Answer 29

hair/fur gives birth lungs eg - cow

Question 30

what 3 features does a reptile have and give an example of a reptile

Answer 30

dry scales lays eggs lungs eg - crocodile

Question 31

what 3 features do fish have and give an example of a fish

Answer 31

wet scales gills lays eggs eg- sardine

Question 32

what 3 features do amphibians have and give an example of an amphibian

Answer 32

smooth moist skin lungs lays eggs eg. frog

Question 33

what 3 features do birds have and give an example of a bird

Answer 33

has feathers/beaks/wings lungs lays eggs e.g. robin

Question 34

Kingdoms can be divided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and phyla can be divided into classes, and the process of subdivision goes on including kingdoms, name all subdivisions (taxa) acronym : King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Answer 34

kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Question 35

all organisms have a scientific name to help identify them and has two parts, name the two parts and describe how they should be written

Answer 35

genus and species they must be written with the genus name starting with a capital letter, and the species name has no capital letter. eg. Homo sapiens is the scientific name for humans

Question 36

why are scientific names used?

Answer 36

with a scientific name it is universally understood and to avoid confusion with many different common names in different languages • universally understood • avoid confusion from different common names in different languages

Question 37

name some adaptations that life have in an aquatic water environment like a fish

Answer 37

• eyes give vision all around except front and back • narrow shape to swim faster

Question 38

name some adaptations that life have in a very hot climate like a cactus

Answer 38

• stems store water • prickles will prevent water loss

Question 39

name some adaptations that life has in a very hot environment like a camel

Answer 39

• large feet surface area to help walk in the sand • stores fat in lumps

Question 40

name some adaptations that life have in a very cold climate like a polar bear

Answer 40

• small ears to reduce heat loss • large feet surface area to help walk on snow

Question 41

name some adaptations that a lion has - the perfect predator

Answer 41

• mane to compete with males • eyes to see directly in front

Question 42

name some adaptations that a rabbit has - prey animal

Answer 42

• eyes on side of the head • ears to hear predators

Question 43

what 5 resources may animals be in competition for in its habitat

Answer 43

- space - nutrients - water - mates - light

Question 44

other than competition, what are the three other factors keep the populations under control

Answer 44

- predators - pollution - disease

Question 45

biodiversity is important as a variety of species can be used for certain things give 4 examples

Answer 45

• industrial materials - timber, clay • drugs/medicine - leach helps to restore blood, fungus for penicillin • food - cows, pigs, chicken, pollen, insects • human well being - sports, medication, being out in nature

Question 46

name 3 ways we can maintain biodiversity

Answer 46

seed banks - preserve seeds of rare plants for future use national parks - large scale ecosystem prevention of hunting/poaching - make illegal to hunt certain species

Question 47

large areas cannot be explored to find out all the organisms living there, so what way is used to get an idea of the numbers living in large areas?

Answer 47

sampling - used to estimate population size

Question 48

what equipment do you need to study an area to measure biodiversity

Answer 48

a quadrat

Question 49

what is a quadrat

Answer 49

a square frame of a standard size, eg. 1m x 1m

Question 50

why does the quadrat need to be placed at random?

Answer 50

to avoid bias

Question 51

why is it necessary to repeat sampling many times

Answer 51

make sure its more reliable and for more accurate results

Question 52

state two limitations of random sampling

Answer 52

• may miss some species • some areas unsampled/sampled more than once

Question 53

Yoooooo

Answer 53

Yoooooo

Question 54

how can we measure an animal population that moves around?

Answer 54

a technique called capture/recapture is used

Question 55

name disadvantages of alien species

Answer 55

sometimes it can become invasive and outcompete and prey on the native species, or it may carry a disease affecting existing populations • may become invasive • may outcompete • prey on native species • carry disease affecting existing populations this reduces biodiversity and can upset the natural ecosystem

Question 56

what are problems with herbicide treatment

Answer 56

-bioaccumulation -weed/pests may become resistant -non specific, as it can kill non target species

Question 57

sometimes scientists will control insect pests, weeds, etc, by deliberately releasing a natural predator where they are. what is the term used to describe this

Answer 57

biological control

Question 58

List 2 ways a non native natural predator can become a pest themselves

Answer 58

• might prey on non target species • might compete with native species

Question 59

there is chemical control where they use chemical sprays for pests name 2 advantages and disadvantages

Answer 59

advantatges -works quickly -not affected by temperature disadvantages -resistance develops -requires more than one spray

Question 60

theres biological control where they use some sort of species for pests name 2 advantages and disadvantages

Answer 60

advantages -no resistance -works first time disadvantages -takes a while to work -works only in certain temperatures