BIOLOGY - Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards
what does biodiversity mean
the number and variety of different species in an area
what does vertebrate mean
an animal with a backbone
what does invertebrate mean
an animal without a backbone
What is morphology?
The study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
What is DNA?
A molecule that genes are made from
wat does classification mean
putting organisms into groups according to their similarities, a hierarchical system is used.
what does interspecific competition mean
competition for resources between organisms of different species
what does intraspecific competition mean
competition for resources between organisms of the same species
what does bias mean
sampling bias is when the sample in the question is not representative of the general population
what does accuracy mean
a measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value
• the closeness of a measured value to the true value
what does precision mean
this shows the closeness of agreement between measured values.
what does repeatability mean
the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a single learner/group
what does reproducibility mean
the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a different learners/group
what does biological control mean
the control of a pest by using a natural predator
wat does alien species mean
a species introduced (deliberately or accidentally) into a habitat from another country where it has never lived before
what does habitat mean
place where an organism lives
what does random mean
by chance and not biased
what does sampling mean
studying a small section
what does representative mean
a good estamite of the whole area
what does abundance mean
how much of each species there are in an area
what does distribution mean
how the species is spread across an area
what does population mean
a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
suggest two broad kingdoms for living organisms and small description
animals (they move in search of food)
&
plants (they make their own food by photosynthesis)
animals and plants are two broad kingdoms for living organisms, suggest the sub groups within these and give examples of them
for animal there is
• invertebrates, do not have a backbone, eg - insects
• vertebrates, do have a backbone, eg - snakes
for plants there is
• flowering, produce flowers, eg - sunflowers and trees
• non flowering , don’t produce flowers, eg - moss, ferns
what does the term morphological features mean
to do with physical appearance/what they look like
since not all organisms can be placed into the plant and animal kingdom , a 5 kingdom classification system is used using morphological features
what are the 5 kingdom classification system
1 - animals
2 - fungi
3 - plants
4 - bacteria
5 - single cell organisms
kingdoms can be subdivided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and a phyla can be subdivided into classes
give an example of a phyla from the animal kingdom
vertebrates or invertebrates
they are subdivided from the animal kingdom
give examples of the 5 classes that are subdivided from phyla from the animal kingdom
acronym : MR FAB
m - mammals
r - reptiles
f- fish
a - amphibians
b - birds
what 3 features does a mammal have
and give an example of a mammal
hair/fur
gives birth
lungs
eg - cow
what 3 features does a reptile have
and give an example of a reptile
dry scales
lays eggs
lungs
eg - crocodile
what 3 features do fish have
and give an example of a fish
wet scales
gills
lays eggs
eg- sardine
what 3 features do amphibians have
and give an example of an amphibian
smooth moist skin
lungs
lays eggs
eg. frog
what 3 features do birds have
and give an example of a bird
has feathers/beaks/wings
lungs
lays eggs
e.g. robin
Kingdoms can be divided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and phyla can be divided into classes, and the process of subdivision goes on
including kingdoms, name all subdivisions (taxa)
acronym : King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
all organisms have a scientific name to help identify them
and has two parts, name the two parts and describe how they should be written
genus and species
they must be written with the genus name starting with a capital letter, and the species name has no capital letter.
eg. Homo sapiens is the scientific name for humans
why are scientific names used?
with a scientific name it is universally understood and to avoid confusion with many different common names in different languages
• universally understood
• avoid confusion from different common names in different languages
name some adaptations that life have in an aquatic water environment like a fish
• eyes give vision all around except front and back
• narrow shape to swim faster
name some adaptations that life have in a very hot climate like a cactus
• stems store water
• prickles will prevent water loss
name some adaptations that life has in a very hot environment like a camel
• large feet surface area to help walk in the sand
• stores fat in lumps
name some adaptations that life have in a very cold climate like a polar bear
• small ears to reduce heat loss
• large feet surface area to help walk on snow
name some adaptations that a lion has - the perfect predator
• mane to compete with males
• eyes to see directly in front
name some adaptations that a rabbit has - prey animal
• eyes on side of the head
• ears to hear predators
what 5 resources may animals be in competition for in its habitat
- space
- nutrients
- water
- mates
- light
other than competition, what are the three other factors keep the populations under control
- predators
- pollution
- disease
biodiversity is important as a variety of species can be used for certain things
give 4 examples
• industrial materials - timber, clay
• drugs/medicine - leach helps to restore blood, fungus for penicillin
• food - cows, pigs, chicken, pollen, insects
• human well being - sports, medication, being out in nature
name 3 ways we can maintain biodiversity
seed banks - preserve seeds of rare plants for future use
national parks - large scale ecosystem
prevention of hunting/poaching - make illegal to hunt certain species
large areas cannot be explored to find out all the organisms living there, so what way is used to get an idea of the numbers living in large areas?
sampling - used to estimate population size
what equipment do you need to study an area to measure biodiversity
a quadrat
what is a quadrat
a square frame of a standard size, eg. 1m x 1m
why does the quadrat need to be placed at random?
to avoid bias
why is it necessary to repeat sampling
many times
make sure its more reliable and for more accurate results
state two limitations of random sampling
• may miss some species
• some areas unsampled/sampled more than once
Yoooooo
Yoooooo
how can we measure an animal population that moves around?
a technique called capture/recapture is used
name disadvantages of alien species
sometimes it can become invasive and outcompete and prey on the native species, or it may carry a disease affecting existing populations
• may become invasive
• may outcompete
• prey on native species
• carry disease affecting existing populations
this reduces biodiversity and can upset the natural ecosystem
what are problems with herbicide treatment
-bioaccumulation
-weed/pests may become resistant
-non specific, as it can kill non target species
sometimes scientists will control insect pests, weeds, etc, by deliberately releasing a natural predator where they are. what is the term used to describe this
biological control
List 2 ways a non native natural predator can become a pest themselves
• might prey on non target species
• might compete with native species
there is chemical control where they use chemical sprays for pests
name 2 advantages and disadvantages
advantatges
-works quickly
-not affected by temperature
disadvantages
-resistance develops
-requires more than one spray
theres biological control where they use some sort of species for pests
name 2 advantages and disadvantages
advantages
-no resistance
-works first time
disadvantages
-takes a while to work
-works only in certain temperatures
