Physics (P3)

Question 1

What is a particle

Answer 1

An atom or Molecule

Question 2

Describe arrangement of particles for a solid

Answer 2

Regular closely packed (all touching)

Question 3

Describe arrangement of particles for a liquid

Answer 3

Random closely packed (all touching)

Question 4

Describe the movement of particles in a solid

Answer 4

vibrating in a fixed position

Question 5

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid

Answer 5

slide/move past each other

Question 6

Describe the movement of particles in a gas

Answer 6

Quickly in all directions
At different speeds

Question 7

Describe the forces between particles in a solid

Answer 7

Strong forces

Question 8

Describe the forces between particles in a liquid

Answer 8

Weak forces

Question 9

Describe the forces between particles in a gas

Answer 9

No forces

Question 10

what is density?

Answer 10

The amount of mass per cm3 or per m3

Question 11

what formula relates density, mass and volume?

Answer 11

Density=Mass/Volume

Question 12

define physical change

Answer 12

a reversible change where the substance changes physical state.
If reversed the substance retains its original properties

Question 13

Name 5 changes of state
solid to liquid
liquid to gas
gas to liquid
liquid to solid
solid to gas

Answer 13

Melting
Evaporating
Condensing
Freezing
Subliming

Question 14

If 1 kg of ice melts, what mass of liquid water would there be? Why?

Answer 14

1 kg
Mass is conserved when changing state

Question 15

Is changing state a physical or chemical change? Why?

Answer 15

Physical change
As the change can be easily reversed-no chemical bonds are made or broken

Question 16

Which state of matter usually has the highest density?

Answer 16

Solid

Question 17

Why do gases have the lowest density?

Answer 17

Particles have large spaces between them so same amount of particles take up a larger volume

Question 18

Define temperature?

Answer 18

Average kinetic energy of all particles in a system

Question 19

Define internal energy of an object

Answer 19

The total kinetic energy and potential energy of particles in a substance

Question 20

What is potential energy of particles?

Answer 20

Energy particles have due to their position and inter molecular forces

Question 21

What is kinetic energy of particles?

Answer 21

Energy particles have because they are moving

Question 22

What does to do work on particles mean?

Answer 22

To move them further apart against their intermolecular attraction

Question 23

Which state of matter has the highest potential energy?

Answer 23

Gas
(Particles have overcome attractive forces and are far apart from each other)

Question 24

Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?

Answer 24

Gas
Particles are moving fastest

Question 25

Define specific heat capacity

Answer 25

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.

Question 26

State the meaning of each term in the equation

below, giving units:

∆ 𝐸 = 𝑚 𝑐 ∆ 𝜃

Answer 26

∆𝐸: change in energy (J)
𝑚: mass (kg)
𝑐: specific heat capacity (J/Kg°C)
∆𝜃: change in temperature (°C)

Question 27

Define “latent heat”

Answer 27

The energy needed for a substance to change state

Question 28

Define “specific latent heat of vaporisation”

Answer 28

The amount of energy required to boil (liquid to gas) one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 29

Define “specific latent heat of fusion”

Answer 29

The amount of energy required to melt one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 30

What is the equation for specific latent heat?

Answer 30

𝐸 = 𝑚×𝐿
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠×𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡

Question 31

State the units for specific latent heat

Answer 31

Joules per kilogram, J/kg

Question 32

Why does temperature not change during a state change?

Answer 32

·The energy is used to overcome
bonds/forces (to do work\0
· increasing the potential energy
· not kinetic energy (temperature)

Question 33

Why does a gas exert pressure on a container?

Answer 33

-The particles are moving randomly and different speeds
-They collide with the walls of the container
-Each collision exerts a forces on a container
-Pressure is the forces per cm2 or m2

Question 34

What does a flat section (gradient is zero) on a heating and cooling graph represent?

Answer 34

Changes of state

Question 35

Describe the relationship between gas temperature and pressure at constant volume.

Answer 35

Increasing the temperature increases the pressure by the same factor (they’re directly proportional)

Question 36

Explain why increasing the pressure of a gas increases the temperature

Answer 36

· Increasing temperature increases
the kinetic energy of the particles
· So particles move faster
· Collide with the walls more
frequently
· Collide with more force
· So pressure increases

Question 37

What is volume?

Answer 37

How much space and object takes up

Question 38

What are the properties of particles in a solid?

Answer 38

Fixed shape
Can’t be compressed
High density

Question 39

What are the properties of particles in a liquid?

Answer 39

Take shape of the bottom of a container
Flow
Change shape
Cant be compressed

Question 40

What are the properties of particles in a gas?

Answer 40

Can be compressed
Flow
can expand to fill any vo,ume

Question 41

What is the coldest temperature?

Answer 41

Absolute zero (-273 degrees)

Question 42

How do you find the density of an irregular solid?

Answer 42

First measure the weight of the object
Then place it in eurek can filled to the spout
The water displaced by the object will transfer to the measuring cylinder