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Biology (B4) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the two reactants of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

Name the two products formed in photosynthesis

A

Oxygen and Glucose

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3
Q

Write the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

Write the symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis s temperature increases

A

Rate increases and then decreases

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6
Q

Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases

A

Rate increases and then remains constant

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7
Q

Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as carbon dioxide increases

A

Rate increases and then remains constant

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8
Q

State 3 limiting factors for photosynthesis

A

Light, Chlorophyll, carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Name the plant used to investigate the effect of different factors on the rate of photosynthesis

A

Elodea (pondweed)

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10
Q

How can you calculate the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant?

A

Count the number of Oxygen bubbles produced in a minute

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11
Q

How can you more accurately calculate the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant?

A

Record volume of gas produced (using a gas syringe)

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12
Q

Which cells are adapted for increased photosynthesis?

A

Palisade cells

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13
Q

How are palisade cells adapted for increased rate of photosynthesis?

A

Contain lots of chloroplasts (and chlorophyll)

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14
Q

State 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Light intensity

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15
Q

In a variegated leaf why do some parts appear white?

A

There is no chlorophyll

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16
Q

State 5 uses of glucose produced during photosynthesis

A

Respiration
Stored as insoluble starch
Stored as fats/oils
Making cellulose
Making amino acids

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17
Q

State 2 substances required for making proteins in plants

A

Nitrate ions and glucose

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18
Q

Which substance is used to test for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine solution

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19
Q

What colour will iodine solution turn in the presence of starch?

A

Blue/Black

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20
Q

What colour will iodine solution turn if no starch is present?

A

Remains orange

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21
Q

What colour will benedict solution turn in the presence of sugar?

A

Red - Lots of sugar
Orange - some sugar
Green - small amount of sugar

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22
Q

What colour will Benedict solution tun if no glucose is present?

A

Remains blue

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23
Q

Which substance is used to test for the presence of protein?

A

Biuret’s solution

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24
Q

What colour will biuret solution turn in the presence of protein?

A

Purple

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25
Q

What colour will biuret solution turn if no protein is present?

A

Remains blue

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26
Q

Which substance is used to test for the presence of lipids (fats) ?

A

Ethanol

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27
Q

What colour will ethanol solution turn in the presence of fats?

A

Creamy white

28
Q

What color will ethanol turn if no fat is present?

A

Remains colourless

29
Q

Describe the relationship between a light’s distance from a plant and the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Power/Distance squared

30
Q

What substance is used to test for the presence of sugar?

A

Benedicts solution

31
Q

What is the name for respiration with oxygen?

A

Aerobic

32
Q

What is the name of respiration that occurs without oxygen?

A

Anaerobic

33
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

34
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

35
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

Glucose -> Lactic acid

36
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3

37
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells and plants cells

A

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

38
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?

A

Fermentation

39
Q

What happens to your breathing and heart rate when you exercise?

A

Increases

40
Q

What is the name of the main organ in the respiratory system called?

A

Lungs

41
Q

What is the name of the sheet of muscle beneath the lungs?

A

Diaphragm

42
Q

What is the scientific name for the windpipe?

A

Trachea

43
Q

What is the scientific name for the air sac?

A

Alveoli

44
Q

The windpipe divides into two tubes when it reaches the lungs. What are these tubes called?

A

Bronchi/ Bronchus

45
Q

State 3 uses of energy in organisms

A

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
Movement
Keeping warm

46
Q

What is the effect of exercise on heart rate during exercise?

A

Increases

47
Q

What is the effect of exercise on breathing rate and volume during exercise?

A

Increases

48
Q

Why does heart rate, breathing rate and breathing volume increases during exercise?

A

Supply muscles with more oxygenated blood

49
Q

Which type of respiration occurs if there is an insufficient oxygen available?

A

Anaerobic respiration

50
Q

State 2 effect of of long periods of anaerobic respiration

A

Build up of lactic acid
Oxygen debt

51
Q

Where is lactic acid broken down?

A

The liver

52
Q

How is lactic acid broken down?

A

Reacts with oxygen to convert to glucose

53
Q

Define “oxygen debt”

A

Amount of oxygen require to break down lactic acid

54
Q

How would the lung capacity of an athlete compare to a non-athlete?

A

Larger

55
Q

How would the resting heart rate of an athlete compare to a non-athlete

A

Lower

56
Q

Define “Metabolism”

A

Sum of all reactions in a cell/body

57
Q

During metabolism, glucose is converted into which 3 substances?

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

58
Q

During metabolism lipids are formed from which molecules?

A

1 molecule glycerol
3 molecules fatty acids

59
Q

During metabolism, which substances are used to form amino acids?

A

Glucose and nitrate ions

60
Q

State 3 ongoing processes that are a part of metabolism

A

Respiration
Digestion
Protein synthesis

61
Q

Whats does CROPS stand for?

A

Cellulose
Respiration
Oils + Fats
Protein synthesis
Starch

62
Q

How does water enter a plant?

A

Roots, root hair cells by osmosis and up xylem transpiration stream

63
Q

How much energy is released in aerobic respiration?

A

A lot

64
Q

How much energy is released in anaerobic respiration?

A

A little

65
Q

How much energy is released in fermentation?

A

A little

66
Q

What is metabolism regulated by?

A

Thyroid gland

Science (12 decks)

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