Biology (B4) Flashcards
Name the two reactants of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
Name the two products formed in photosynthesis
Oxygen and Glucose
Write the word equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Write the symbol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis s temperature increases
Rate increases and then decreases
Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases
Rate increases and then remains constant
Describe what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as carbon dioxide increases
Rate increases and then remains constant
State 3 limiting factors for photosynthesis
Light, Chlorophyll, carbon dioxide
Name the plant used to investigate the effect of different factors on the rate of photosynthesis
Elodea (pondweed)
How can you calculate the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant?
Count the number of Oxygen bubbles produced in a minute
How can you more accurately calculate the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant?
Record volume of gas produced (using a gas syringe)
Which cells are adapted for increased photosynthesis?
Palisade cells
How are palisade cells adapted for increased rate of photosynthesis?
Contain lots of chloroplasts (and chlorophyll)
State 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Light intensity
In a variegated leaf why do some parts appear white?
There is no chlorophyll
State 5 uses of glucose produced during photosynthesis
Respiration
Stored as insoluble starch
Stored as fats/oils
Making cellulose
Making amino acids
State 2 substances required for making proteins in plants
Nitrate ions and glucose
Which substance is used to test for the presence of starch?
Iodine solution
What colour will iodine solution turn in the presence of starch?
Blue/Black
What colour will iodine solution turn if no starch is present?
Remains orange
What colour will benedict solution turn in the presence of sugar?
Red - Lots of sugar
Orange - some sugar
Green - small amount of sugar
What colour will Benedict solution tun if no glucose is present?
Remains blue
Which substance is used to test for the presence of protein?
Biuret’s solution
What colour will biuret solution turn in the presence of protein?
Purple
What colour will biuret solution turn if no protein is present?
Remains blue
Which substance is used to test for the presence of lipids (fats) ?
Ethanol
What colour will ethanol solution turn in the presence of fats?
Creamy white
What color will ethanol turn if no fat is present?
Remains colourless
Describe the relationship between a light’s distance from a plant and the rate of photosynthesis?
Power/Distance squared
What substance is used to test for the presence of sugar?
Benedicts solution
What is the name for respiration with oxygen?
Aerobic
What is the name of respiration that occurs without oxygen?
Anaerobic
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose -> Lactic acid
What is the balanced symbol equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast cells and plants cells
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
Fermentation
What happens to your breathing and heart rate when you exercise?
Increases
What is the name of the main organ in the respiratory system called?
Lungs
What is the name of the sheet of muscle beneath the lungs?
Diaphragm
What is the scientific name for the windpipe?
Trachea
What is the scientific name for the air sac?
Alveoli
The windpipe divides into two tubes when it reaches the lungs. What are these tubes called?
Bronchi/ Bronchus
State 3 uses of energy in organisms
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
Movement
Keeping warm
What is the effect of exercise on heart rate during exercise?
Increases
What is the effect of exercise on breathing rate and volume during exercise?
Increases
Why does heart rate, breathing rate and breathing volume increases during exercise?
Supply muscles with more oxygenated blood
Which type of respiration occurs if there is an insufficient oxygen available?
Anaerobic respiration
State 2 effect of of long periods of anaerobic respiration
Build up of lactic acid
Oxygen debt
Where is lactic acid broken down?
The liver
How is lactic acid broken down?
Reacts with oxygen to convert to glucose
Define “oxygen debt”
Amount of oxygen require to break down lactic acid
How would the lung capacity of an athlete compare to a non-athlete?
Larger
How would the resting heart rate of an athlete compare to a non-athlete
Lower
Define “Metabolism”
Sum of all reactions in a cell/body
During metabolism, glucose is converted into which 3 substances?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
During metabolism lipids are formed from which molecules?
1 molecule glycerol
3 molecules fatty acids
During metabolism, which substances are used to form amino acids?
Glucose and nitrate ions
State 3 ongoing processes that are a part of metabolism
Respiration
Digestion
Protein synthesis
Whats does CROPS stand for?
Cellulose
Respiration
Oils + Fats
Protein synthesis
Starch
How does water enter a plant?
Roots, root hair cells by osmosis and up xylem transpiration stream
How much energy is released in aerobic respiration?
A lot
How much energy is released in anaerobic respiration?
A little
How much energy is released in fermentation?
A little
What is metabolism regulated by?
Thyroid gland