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Science > Chemistry (C4) > Flashcards

Chemistry (C4) Flashcards

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1
Q

\What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions (dissolved in water)
Has a pH of less than 7

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2
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-(aq), when dissolved in water
A soluble base
Has a pH higher than 7

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

A insoluble substance that reacts with an acid to neutralize it and produce a salt.

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4
Q

Give the pH range of an acid

A

pH 0-6

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5
Q

Give the pH range of an alkali

A

pH 8-14

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6
Q

Give the pH of a neutral solution

A

pH 7

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7
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure if how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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8
Q

What does pH mean?

A

Potential hydrogen

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9
Q

The greater the concentration of H+ ions in
solution, the ____________ the pH.

A

Lower

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10
Q

As the pH of a solution increases by 1, the concentration of hydrogen ions _________ by a factor of _____

A

Decreases, 10

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11
Q

What are universal indicators?

A

Chemicals that change colour to tell you whether a solution is acidic or basic

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12
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Fully ionises in an aqueous solution to form H+ ions

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13
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Partially ionises in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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14
Q

What does ‘⇌’ mean in a reaction?

A

Partially ionises

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15
Q

What does ‘→’ mean in a reaction?

A

Fully ionises

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16
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

A concentrated acid has a large amount of H+ ions volume of water

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17
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

A dilute acid has a small amount of H+ ions in a given volume of water

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18
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction between an acid and alkali to form a neutral solution

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19
Q

Acid + Metal hydroxide → ? + ?

A

Salt + Water

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20
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide → ? + ?

A

Salt + Water

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21
Q

Name the salt formed when calcium hydroxide with nitric acid

A

Calcium nitrate

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22
Q

Name the products formed when a
metal carbonate reacts with an acid.

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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23
Q

Name the products formed when magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium Chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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24
Q

What are titrations ?

A

A very accurate experimental technique which finds the unknown concentration of a solution

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25
Q

What are concordant results?

A

Results which are very close to each other

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26
Q

What is the name of the reaction where a substance gains oxygen?

A

Oxidation reaction

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27
Q

Metal + Oxygen → ?

A

Metal Oxide

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28
Q

Copper + Oxygen → ? + ?

A

Copper oxide

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29
Q

Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals from a metal oxide and dilute acid?

A

-Measure out acid
-pour acid into a beaker
-add an excess amount of metal oxide in the beaker
-stir and mix reactants
-set up a conical flask with a funnel and filter paper
-Add in the mixture for filtration
-The acid will filter through and become filtrate
-The metal oxide will stay in filter paper as residue
-Add the filtrate into an evaporation basin
-Heat up the filtrate with a Bunsen burner
Then leave the crystals to cool and dry

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30
Q

Observations of potassium reacting with oxygen

A

Lilac flame

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31
Q

Observations of sodium reacting with oxygen

A

Orange flame

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32
Q

Observations of Lithium reacting with oxygen

A

Red flame

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33
Q

Metal + Acid → ? + ?

A

Salt and hydrogen

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34
Q

Observations of metal reacting with acid

A

Metal dissolves
Gas produced
Fizzing

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35
Q

Observations of Potassium reacting with acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

36
Q

Observations of Sodium reacting with acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

37
Q

Observations of Lithium reacting with acid

A

Explosive
Vigorous bubbles

38
Q

Observations of Calcium reacting with acid

A

Fizzes/warm

39
Q

Observations of Magnesium reacting with acid

A

Fizzes/warm

40
Q

Observations of Zinc reacting with acid

A

Fizzes slowly

41
Q

Observations of Iron reacting with acid

A

Fizzes slowly

42
Q

Observations of copper reacting with acid

A

No reaction

43
Q

Metal + Water → ? + ?

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

44
Q

Observations of metal reacting with water

A

Metal dissolves
temperature increase
Fizzing

45
Q

Lithium + Water → ? + ?

A

Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

46
Q

Name the reactivity series

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

47
Q

Observations of Potassium reacting with water

A

Fizzes
Melts
Floats
Moves on the surface of water
lilac flame

48
Q

Observations of sodium reacting with water

A

Fizzes
Melts
Floats
Moves on surface of water
sometimes a yellow orange flame

48
Q

Observations of Lithium reacting with water

A

Fizzes
Floats
Moves on the surface of water

49
Q

Observations of Calcium reacting with water

A

Fizzes
White solid forms
Warm

50
Q

Observations of Magnesium reacting with water

A

Very slow

51
Q

Observations of zinc reacting with water

A

No reaction

52
Q

Observations of Iron reacting with water

A

No reaction

53
Q

Observations of Copper reacting with water

A

No reaction

54
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound

55
Q

Iron + Copper sulfate → ? + ?

A

Iron sulfate + Copper

56
Q

What is an ore?

A

An ore is a rock containing a metal compound from which a metal can be extracted for profit

57
Q

Which metals don’t use an extraction method?

A

Silver
Gold
Platinum

58
Q

Which metals are extracted from their ores chemically by reduction using carbon?

A

Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper

59
Q

Which metals are extracted using electrolysis?

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium

60
Q

Whats does OIL RIG stand for?

A

Oxidation
Is
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Is
Gain of electrons

61
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

Where REDuction and OXidation take place at the same time

62
Q

What is Electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements

63
Q

What does electrolysis mean?

A

Splitting up with electricity

64
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A liquid or solution that can conduct electricity

65
Q

What is an electrode?

A

A solid that conducts electricity

66
Q

What is the positive electrode called?

A

Anode

67
Q

What is the negative electrode called?

A

Cathode

68
Q

What happens in electrolysis?

A

An electric current is passed through an electrolyte
Ions begin to move to the electrodes where they react
Positive ions move towards the cathode and gain electrons
Negative ions move towards the anode and lose electrons
Creates a flow of charge
As ions gain or lose electrons they form uncharged elements

69
Q

What is a positive ion called?

A

Cation

70
Q

What is the negative ion called?

A

Anion

71
Q

Can an ionic solid be electrolysed?

A

No because ions are in fixed positions and cant move

72
Q

When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved as the ions are free to move

73
Q

Which non metals always win?

A

Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
(Halogens)

74
Q

Which metals always win?

A

Copper
Silver
Gold
Tin
Lead

75
Q

What does the charges on elements symbolise?

A

Oxidation states

76
Q

What is reduction?

A

When a substance loses oxygen

77
Q

What is pH probe?

A

A device used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

78
Q

What does PANIC stand for?

A

Positive
Anode
Negative
Is
Cathode

79
Q

Which electrode will the positive ion go to?

A

Cathode

80
Q

Which electrode will the negative ion go to?

A

Anode

81
Q

Describe the structure of diamond

A

Giant covalent lattice
Tetrahedral structure/each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other atoms

82
Q

Give 6 properties of transition metals

A

Hard
High density
High melting boiling points
Form coloured compounds
Low reactivity
Form different charged ions

83
Q

How is ore extracted?

A

Ore is mined and then processed to separate the metal compound

84
Q
A

Science (12 decks)

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