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My flashcards > Physics, Autumn 2022 > Flashcards

Physics, Autumn 2022 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for weight?

A

mass x gravitational field strength

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2
Q

The equation for work done

A

force x distance

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3
Q

The equation for distance travelled

A

speed x time

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4
Q

The equation for force on a spring

A

spring constant x extension

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5
Q

The equation for kinetic energy

A

0.5 x mass x (speed x speed)

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6
Q

The equation for gravitational potential energy

A

mass x gravitational field strength x height

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7
Q

The equation for efficiency

A

useful output power ÷ total input power

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8
Q

Equation for charge

A

current x time

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9
Q

The equation for density

A

Mass ÷ time

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10
Q

The equation for electrical power

A

current x p.d

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11
Q

The equation for potential difference

A

current x resistance

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12
Q

The equation for weight

A

mass x gravitational field strength

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13
Q

Equation for power

A

energy ÷ time

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14
Q

Unit for velocity

A

m/s

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15
Q

Unit for mass

A

kilograms (kg)

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16
Q

Unit for energy

A

Joules (J)

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17
Q

Unit for power

A

Watts (W)

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18
Q

Renewable is…

A

…a natural resource or source of energy that is not depleted by use

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19
Q

Examples of chemical energy

A

In food, fuel and electric batteries

20
Q

Examples of kinetic energy

A

in moving objects

21
Q

Examples of gravitational potential

A

in objects raised above a planet’s surface

22
Q

Examples of elastic potential

A

in stretched, compressed or twisted objects

23
Q

Examples of thermal energy

A

in any heated objects

24
Q

What are the energy stores?

A

gravitational potential, kinetic, electrostatic, chemical, elastic, nuclear, thermal and magnetic

25
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by one degree Celsius

26
Q

What is current?

A

rate of flow of charge

27
Q

What happens during static electricity?

A

Electrons move so one object becomes positive and the other becomes negative.

28
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Energy transferred per unit of charge

29
Q

What is resistance?

A

measure of how difficult it is for current to flow

30
Q

In a series circuit, what happens to the current and p.d?

A

Current is the same everywhere and potential difference is shared between components

31
Q

In a parallel circuit, what happens to the current and p.d?

A

Current splits between branches and potential difference is the same for each branch

32
Q

What does melting do?

A

When a solid is heated, it absorbs energy, and it melts into a liquid.

33
Q

What does boiling do?

A

If the liquid is heated, it absorbs more energy and it boils into a gas.

34
Q

What does evaporating do?

A

A liquid turns into a gas slowly, at temperatures that are below its boiling point.

35
Q

What does condensing do?

A

If a gas is cooled, it transfers energy to the surroundings, and turns into a liquid.

36
Q

What does freezing do?

A

If the liquid is cooled, it transfers energy to the surroundings, and turns into a solid.

37
Q

Which state changes are exothermic?

A

Evaporating, condensing and freezing

38
Q

Which state changes are endothermic?

A

Boiling and melting.

39
Q

What causes pressure in gases?

A

Pressure in gases is caused by particles colliding with the walls of the container.

40
Q

What increases gas pressure?

A

Temperature increases or decreases in volume

41
Q

What is nuclear fission?

A

The splitting of a larger nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei and two or three neutrons moving at high speeds. Energy is released in the form of gamma radiation.

42
Q

What is a chain reaction?

A

If each of the neutrons produced hits a fissionable atom, the rate of fission events rapidly increases. This creates high temperatures and pressures.

43
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

The joining of 2 smaller atomic nuclei to form a larger one.

44
Q

Where does nuclear fusion happen?

A

In stars

45
Q

Does nuclear fusion create radioactive waste?

A

No

46
Q

What fuels nuclear fusion?

A

Hydrogen

47
Q

What does nuclear fusion create?

A

Helium

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