Chemistry, Autumn 2022

Question 1

What is located in the centre of the atom?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

What surrounds the nucleus?

Answer 2

Electrons arranged in shells

Question 3

What makes up the nucleus?

Answer 3

Protons and neutrons

Question 4

What is the relative atomic mass/ram?

Answer 4

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 5

What is the atomic number on the periodic table?

Answer 5

Number of protons or electrons

Question 6

What is the mass number on the periodic table?

Answer 6

Relative atomic mass

Question 7

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 7

Positive

Question 8

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 8

Neutral

Question 9

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Where are the transition metals on the periodic table?

Answer 10

Between group 2 and 3

Question 11

Do transition metals have a low or high melting point?

Answer 11

High melting point

Question 12

How dense are transition metals?

Answer 12

High density

Question 13

What can transition metals and their compounds act as?

Answer 13

Catalysts

Question 14

How do catalysts affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 14

They speed it up without being used up in the reaction

Question 15

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 15

When atoms lose/gain electrons to gain a full outer shell

Question 16

What is the structure of an ionic bond?

Answer 16

Regular structure, alternating positive and negatives ions and giant ionic lattice.

Question 17

Why are ionic bonds crystalline and solid at room temperature?

Answer 17

Because of its regular structure of alternating positive and negative ions

Question 18

Why do ionic bonds have a high melting/boiling point?

Answer 18

Because there is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 19

When do ionic bonds conduct electricity and why?

Answer 19

When they’re molten/dissolved because ions are free to move

Question 20

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 20

Atoms share electrons

Question 21

Why is a simple covalent bond liquid or gas at room temp?

Answer 21

Because of the low boiling point caused by intermolecular forces that are easy to be overcome by heat.

Question 22

What is the structure of a simple covalent bond?

Answer 22

Simple molecular and small molecules

Question 23

What is the structure of a graphite covalent bond?

Answer 23

Giant covalent structure, layered and weak intermolecular forces holding the layers together.

Question 24

Why do graphite covalent bond conduct electricity?

Answer 24

Because one electron per atom is free to move and can carry electric charge.

Question 25

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 25

A lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.

Question 26

What is the structure of a metallic bond?

Answer 26

Layers of positive ions, in a sea of free electrons and a giant metallic structure

Question 27

What does malleable mean?

Answer 27

Can be hammered into shape

Question 28

What does ductile mean?

Answer 28

Can be drawn into wires

Question 29

Why are metallic bonds malleable and ductile?

Answer 29

Because it has layers that slide

Question 30

Why are metallic bonds strong and have a high melting point?

Answer 30

Because of the electrostatic attraction holding the structure together.

Question 31

Why do metallic bonds conduct heat and electricity?

Answer 31

Because the outer electrons are free to move and carry electrical charge.

Question 32

What is an ion?

Answer 32

An atom or molecule with charge

Question 33

Loss of electrons is...

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

Gain of electrons is...

Answer 34

negative

Question 35

What are electrolytes?

Answer 35

Ionic compounds that are in a molten state or dissolved in water so ions are free to move

Question 36

What is electrolysis?

Answer 36

Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte by an electric current. It is used to extract reactive metals from their ores.

Question 37

What is the charge of a cation?

Answer 37

Positive

Question 38

What is a charge of an anion?

Answer 38

Negative

Question 39

What happens at the cathode?

Answer 39

At the cathode, whether the hydrogen or metal is produced there depends on the position of the metal in the reactivity series.

Question 40

The metal is produced at the cathode if..

Answer 40

it is less reactive than hydrogen

Question 41

Hydrogen is produced at the cathode if...

Answer 41

the metal is more reactive than hydrogen.

Question 42

Metal reactivity series

Answer 42

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron, Tin, Lead, (Hydrogen), Copper, Silver, Gold

Question 43

What happens at the anode?

Answer 43

Oxygens are produced unless halide ions are present. Then the negative halide ions lose electrons and make the corresponding halogen.

Question 44

What are halide ions?

Answer 44

Ions of group 7

Question 45

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 45

Reactions that take thermal energy from its environment to proceed

Question 46

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 46

Reactions that release thermal energy