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History, Germany in Transition Flashcards

1
Q

When was the World War 1 armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

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2
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

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3
Q

When did the Spartacist Uprising take place?

A

5th January 1919

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4
Q

How many battleships were Germany allowed?

A

6 battleships

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5
Q

How many tanks were Germany allowed?

A

None

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6
Q

How many soldiers were Germany allowed?

A

Only 100,000 soldiers

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7
Q

What happened to Germany’s air force?

A

Destroyed

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8
Q

What happened to the Rhineland?

A

Demilitarized

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9
Q

How many submarines were Germany allowed?

A

None

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10
Q

How much money did Germany have to pay for reparations?

A

£6.6 billion

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11
Q

What is Article 231?

A

The war guilt clause was that Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war.

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12
Q

What territory was given to France?

A

Alsace-Loraine

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13
Q

What territory was given to Denmark?

A

Northern Schleswig

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14
Q

What territory was given to Poland?

A

West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia

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15
Q

What territory was given to Czechoslovakia?

A

Hultschin

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16
Q

What territory was given to Belgium?

A

Malmedy and Eupen

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17
Q

Who was the far left party of Germany?

A

Spartacists

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18
Q

Who led the Spartacists?

A

Rosa Luxemberg and Karl Liebknecht

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19
Q

Who was the left party of Germany?

A

Social Democrats led by Ebert

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20
Q

Who were the right party of Germany?

A

German People’s Party led by Gustav Stresemann

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21
Q

Who are the far right party of Germany?

A

Nazi party

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22
Q

Who led the far-right party of Germany?

A

Adolf Hitler

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23
Q

Who stopped the Spartacist Uprising?

A

Freikorps

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24
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

Paramilitary groups of ex-soldiers and unemployed youth that wanted to bring back the monarchy.

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25
Q

Who started the Kapp Putsch and when?

A

Wolfgang Kapp and 5000 Freikorps in March 1920

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26
Q

Why was it so easy?

A

Army refused to shoot Freikorps

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27
Q

What is a putsch?

A

a right-wing revolution

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28
Q

What is an uprising?

A

A left-wing revolution

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29
Q

How did the Weimar stop the Freikorps?

A

The Weimar helped workers go on strike which brought the capital to a halt, so the putsch collapsed.

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30
Q

What is the Ruhr?

A

The industrial heart of the Weimar which made 80% of its iron, coal and steel.

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31
Q

Who invaded the Ruhr and when?

A

France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr on the 11th of January 1923.

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32
Q

Why was it so easy?

A

The Ruhr was next to demilitarized land which bordered Belgium and France.

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33
Q

What did the Germans do?

A

They went on strike and sabotaged the machines from French and Belgian couldn’t get money from using them.

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34
Q

The Weimar had to print more money due to the passive resistance which led to…

A

hyperinflation.

35
Q

What is Hyperinflation?

A

When the prices inflate uncontrollably at an incredibly rapid rate.

36
Q

What was the Dawes Plan and who accepted it?

A

Gustav Stresemann agreed to the Dawes Plan in 1924 which reduced the annual payment for reparations and Germany loaned 800 million marks from the USA.

37
Q

What was the Locarno Pact and who signed it?

A

The Locarno Pact was an agreement to respect borders set by the treaty between Germany, France and Belgium in 1925.

38
Q

What was Germany’s new currency in the golden age?

A

Rentenmark

39
Q

Why did France and Beligum leave the Ruhr in 1925?

A

Germany promised to start paying reparations again.

40
Q

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

A

In 1928, 62 countries including Germany all promised to solve disputes peacefully.

41
Q

What was the Young Plan?

A

In 1929, the reparations amount as reduced by 20% and Germany had 59 more years to repay it.

42
Q

Where was the Nazi Party made and why?

A

It was made in Munich because the population were mostly anti-semetic and nationalist.

43
Q

What does the DAP mean and who led it?

A

German Workers Party was originally led by Anton Drexler.

44
Q

When did Hitler join the DAP?

A

1919

45
Q

What was Hitler’s role in the DAP?

A

Lead public speaker and propagandist. He changed the name to the NSDAP and designed the emblem in 1920.

46
Q

When was Hitler elected to be leader of the Nazis

A

1921

47
Q

Why was the Nazi Putsch in 1923?

A

Hitler was warned that the SA would abandon him if there wasn’t a revolution soon and that he could get support due to the invasion of the Ruhr which caused hyperinflation and made the Weimar look powerless.

48
Q

Who was Von Kahr?

A

The leader of the Bavarian government who hated the Weimar.

49
Q

Who was Ludendorff?

A

The former army leader.

50
Q

Who was Ernst Rohm?

A

One of the DAP’s founders and a supporter of Hitler.

51
Q

What happened on the 8th of November?

A

The Nazis and SA interrupted a meeting the Bavarian prime minister was at and threated him into supporting the Nazis.

52
Q

What happened on the 9th of November?

A

Kahr betrayed Hitler and the police opened fire despite Ludendorff siding with Hitler.

53
Q

What happened to Hitler?

A

Hitler was arrested and punished with 5 years in prison however he served only 9 months.

54
Q

What did Hitler do when free?

A

He brought back the NSDAP in 1924 and tried to become Chancellor democratically.

55
Q

What were the Lean Years?

A

The Nazi Party grew from 27 000 in 1925 to 130 000 in 1930 however they struggled to win seats in the Reichstag.

56
Q

How did the Great Depression weaken the Weimar?

A

Article 48 was declared which was undemocratic, unemployment and poverty increased but the Weimar just raised taxes and extremism grew.

57
Q

What is Article 48?

A

When the president has dictatorial powers.

58
Q

How did the Great Depression help the Nazis?

A

The Nazis made promises that Hitler would be the saviour Germany and that he would get them out of the depression which they used in propaganda.

59
Q

How did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

The Nazis won the most seats and the opposition was gone so von Papen convinced Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor.

60
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

27th of February 1933

61
Q

How did the Reichstag Fire help Hitler’s consolidation of power?

A

A Communist was convicted of causing the fire which was used for Nazi propaganda and as a reason for invoking Article 48 and arresting political opponents.

62
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

The Enabling Act suspended civil liberties such as freedom of speech, censored the press, banned all non-Nazi political parties and ended trade unions. This centralised Germany and gave more control to the Nazis.

63
Q

When was the Enabling Act?

A

23rd of March 1933

64
Q

What was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Hitler and a group of SS arrested leaders of the SA including Ernst Rohm and killed them due to concerns about the SA’s increasing power. It gave Hitler full control with even less opposition.

65
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

29th of June 1934

66
Q

Was the Night of the Long Knives legal?

A

Yes, because Hindenburg approved of it.

67
Q

What was the National Labour Service Corps?

A

It provided young men with manual labour jobs and respect for them.

68
Q

What caused Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass)?

A

On November 9th 1938, Hershel Gryszpan, a Jew, killed a Nazi called Ernst von Rath causing outrage in Germany.

69
Q

What happened during Kristallnacht?

A

Nazis tell police to allow Germans to destroy Jewish property, Goebbels gave orders to Nazis, the president of the Jewish community was arrested and Jews were forced to sing for Nazis and read Mein Kampf.

70
Q

What happened after Kristallnacht?

A

Jews were forced to pay 1 billion Reichmarks for damages and 26,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps.

71
Q

Who were the SS?

A

They were originally Hitler’s bodyguards but were put in charge of all police services without having to act within the law in the 1930s.

72
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

73
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

The Nazi’s secret police who relied on cooperation from the public and didn’t follow the law.

74
Q

What is Anschluss?

A

The union between Germany and Austria

75
Q

Why did Hitler want to reverse the Treaty of Versailles?

A

To restore lands lost and bring back national pride.

76
Q

Why did Hitler want to destroy Communism?

A

Communism helped the defeat of Germany in WW1.

77
Q

What is Lebensraum?

A

Living space

78
Q

Why did Hitler want lebensraum?

A

Greater Germany would need more land for more people, food and materials.

79
Q

When was the disarmament conference and what was it?

A

From 1932 to 1934, 60 countries met to discuss disarmament however France refused so Germany increased their military.

80
Q

When did Hitler remilitarize the Rhineland?

A

7th of March 1936

81
Q

When did Austria join Germany?

A

March 1938

82
Q

When did Germany and the Soviet Union agree to divide Poland?

A

23rd of August 1939

83
Q

When did Germany invade Poland?

A

1st of September 1939

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