Biology, Autumn 2022

Question 1

What is Active Transport?

Answer 1

The process of using energy to move substances in or out a cell from a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient.

Question 2

Where does active transport take place?

Answer 2

In plants and animals

Question 3

Why does active transport take place?

Answer 3

To transport ions

Question 4

What is an example of an ion?

Answer 4

sodium

Question 5

What is ATP?

Answer 5

Unit of energy

Question 6

How does active transport take place?

Answer 6

Carrier proteins allow charged larger insoluble molecules to pass through the cell membrane

Question 7

What is osmosis?

Answer 7

The movement of water molecules from a dilute to more concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 8

What is a dilute?

Answer 8

A solution with a small amount of solute dissolved

Question 9

What is an example of osmosis?

Answer 9

How water keeps plant cells turgid.

Question 10

What is diffusion?

Answer 10

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 11

Where does diffusion occur?

Answer 11

Across a permeable cell membrane

Question 12

How does temperature affect diffusion?

Answer 12

Higher temperature leads to more kinetic energy, so diffusion is faster.

Question 13

How does concentration affect diffusion?

Answer 13

A bigger difference in concentration means diffusion is faster.

Question 14

How does surface area of the cells affect diffusion?

Answer 14

More surface area allows more particles to be diffused at the same time so its faster.

Question 15

How does the distance affect diffusion?

Answer 15

Shorter distance means that diffusion is faster.

Question 16

How does pressure affect diffusion?

Answer 16

More pressure leads to more diffusion

Question 17

What is in animal cells?

Answer 17

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria and cell membrane

Question 18

What is in plant cells?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole and cell wall.

Question 19

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 19

It is a freely permeable layer around the cell membrane which strengthens the cell.

Question 20

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 20

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 21

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 21

It’s a fluid enclosed by the cell which is the location of many chemical reactions.

Question 22

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 22

It is where aerobic respiration occurs.

Question 23

What do the chloroplasts do?

Answer 23

It is where photosynthesis occurs, and where sugar is produced.

Question 24

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 24

Stores water

Question 25

What do the ribosomes do?

Answer 25

Where amino acids connect to produce proteins.

Question 26

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 26

Controls the activities of the cell.

Question 27

What is an organelle?

Answer 27

Cell structure that is specialised to carry out a particular function or job

Question 28

What is a cell?

Answer 28

Basic structural and functional unit of a living organism

Question 29

What is a tissue?

Answer 29

Group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

Question 30

What is an organ?

Answer 30

Structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

Question 31

What do the salivary glands do?

Answer 31

Produce saliva containing amylase

Question 32

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 32

Muscular tube which moves ingested food to the stomach

Question 33

What does the stomach do?

Answer 33

Muscular organ where digestion continues

Question 34

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 34

Produces digestive enzymes

Question 35

What does the liver do?

Answer 35

Produces bile

Question 36

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 36

Stores bile before releasing it into the small intestine.

Question 37

What does bile do?

Answer 37

Bile breaks down fats in the small intestine.

Question 38

What is the plant cell wall made up of?

Answer 38

Cellulose

Question 39

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 39

Organisms with cells which have a nucleus in a nuclear envelope

Question 40

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 40

Single celled organisms

Question 41

What is the IAM triangle?

Answer 41

Image size = Actual size x Magnification

Question 42

How to work out total magnification?

Answer 42

eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 43

How does measles spread?

Answer 43

Droplet infection like coughing

Question 44

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 44

Fever, rash and death

Question 45

What are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer 45

A flu-like illness which can lead to AIDS where the body can’t deal with any other infections due to damages.

Question 46

How is HIV spread?

Answer 46

Sexual contact or sharing needles.

Question 47

What are the symptoms of the tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 47

It damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis

Question 48

How does the tobacco mosaic virus spread?

Answer 48

Spread by contact or vectors.

Question 49

How does salmonella spread?

Answer 49

Spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene.

Question 50

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 50

Fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting.

Question 51

How does gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 51

Gonorrhoea spreads through sexual contact.

Question 52

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 52

Green discharge and pain when urinating.

Question 53

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

Answer 53

Damages leaves to reduce photosynthesis.

Question 54

How does rose black spot spread?

Answer 54

Spreads by wind and water.

Question 55

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 55

Damages liver and blood cells, causes fever, shaking and death.

Question 56

What causes malaria?

Answer 56

Parasitic protists and mosquitos.