Physical Science (final) Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Why do hot water heaters lose their efficiency quicker in households with hard water?
The hard water calcium ions exchange with iron ions from the inner metal wall which react with the water heater base to form rust and deteriorate the bottom of the tank.
The hard water calcium carbonate deposits oxidize the inner tank wall.
The hard water calcium and magnesium ions corrode the heating element.
The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element.

The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element.

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What is a molecule?
a group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
pair of shared valence electrons
a group of atoms that are held together by ionic bonds

a group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

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What is the valence shell?
It is the innermost shell
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.
It is the same as the orbital configuration.

It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.

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Why can’t we see atoms?
We cannot see things that are microscopic.
We see with light energy and the wavelength is larger than the object and so it is not reflected.
Atoms do not interact with light energy and therefore we are unable to observe them with light.
We see with light energy but the atoms absorb all the light and therefore there are no reflections.
Atoms are invisible.

We see with light energy and the wavelength is larger than the object and so it is not reflected.

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Why might softened water not be good for some one who is trying to reduce their dietary sodium ion intake?
A person needs a certain level of calcium and magnesium in the water to help excrete the sodium from their body.
The softened water leaches sodium from the body, so a person might not be getting the dietary recommended levels of sodium.
Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions.

Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions.

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Which of the following would be considered basic research?

examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese

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Which has the greatest number of atoms?

Click the following link to view a periodic table:

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByIFfbUznflNTnE0eE9RLVhrckELinks to an external site.

28 g of nitrogen, N2
16 g of methane, CH4
38 g of fluorine, F2

16 g of methane, CH4

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How is the term photon related to the term quantum?
A quantum is a particle of light while a photon is a wave of light.
A quantum is a particle of light exactly one photon long.
A quantum is a wave of light while a packet of quanta equals one photon.
A quantum of photons is equal to the wavelength.
A quantum of light is actually one photon.

A quantum of light is actually one photon.

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Which of the following is a pure substance?
duct tape
salt water
baking soda
orange juice
cooking oil

baking soda

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Where does the earth receive most of its energy?
external fusion
external fission
internal fusion

external fusion

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What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent?
Soaps are biodegradable, detergents are not.
Detergents are better than soaps.
Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic.
Soaps and detergents are exactly the same.

Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic.

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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
The components of a mixture do not have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
The components of a compound have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
A compound can be physically separated into its components; a mixture cannot be physically separated into its components.

A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.

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Which of the following is not a typical use for potable water?
irrigation
boiling
cooking in a pot
drinking

irrigation

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A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view.
The cat is leading the dog into a trap.
The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.
The dog is smelling atoms from the cat
The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth.

The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.

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Which of the following is a mixture?
iron
salt
air
gold

air

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Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture?
water
vinegar
vegetable oil
salad dressing

salad dressing

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How would you classify the following material?

coffee (with milk)

a solution

What is transmutation?
alteration in DNA due to radioactivity
changing one element into another by adding or removing neutrons from the nucleus
changing one element into another by adding or removing electrons from the nucleus
changing one element into another by adding or removing protons from the nucleus

changing one element into another by adding or removing protons from the nucleus

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? Click this periodic table link: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yGz9Y8JFk5jJSG4V4fTFu11ziNYsaNm9 (Links to an external site.)

silver (Ag)
lead (Pb)
lithium (Li)
xenon (Xe)
chlorine (Cl)

silver (Ag)

Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -1 charge?
Cl
Na
S

Volcanic activity is associated with

divergent and convergent boundaries.

The property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as
cleavage.
hardness.
bond strength.
fracture.

cleavage.

Evaporation and precipitation are greatest over the
continents.
oceans.
polar ice caps.
equator.

oceans.

The theory of continental drift is attributed to
W. Loma Prieta.
Simon Tectonic.
Alfred Wegener.
H.H. Hess.

Alfred Wegener.

Suggest an explanation for why aspirin has a sour taste. It is the acidic nature of aspirin that gives rise to its sour taste. Aspirin is made sour as a mandated child safety feature. It is the basic nature of aspirin that gives rise to its sour taste. The sour flavor is added to help prevent overdosing.

It is the acidic nature of aspirin that gives rise to its sour taste.

Limestone may be metamorphosed into marble. gneiss. quartzite. schist.

marble.

A mineral's hardness is dependent on the size of its atoms, large atoms are harder than small atoms. mineral ionization. geometric arrangement of atoms. strength of its chemical bonds.

strength of its chemical bonds.

All minerals are synthetic. organic. crystalline solids. crystals.

crystalline solids.

The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are oxygen and aluminum. quartz and feldspar. silicates and carbonates. silicon and oxygen.

silicon and oxygen.

What is a reduction? the loss of an electron from the valence shell the formation of red compounds in the presence of an oxidant the gain of electrons the reduction of the number of electrons

the gain of electrons

What is oxidation? the loss of electrons the gaining of electrons the addition of an electron to the valence shell the reaction with oxygen

the loss of electrons

Which of the following properties most clearly reflects the internal arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material? color cleavage luster density

cleavage

Seismic waves are classified as body waves and surface waves. An example of a body wave is a Primary wave (P-wave). Rayleigh wave. Tertiary wave (T-wave).

Primary wave (P-wave).

The majority of surface rocks are extrusive. sedimentary. metamorphic. intrusive.

sedimentary.

Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks contain a mineral composed of the elements oxygen and iron. carbon. silicon. sulfur.

silicon.

Which of the following commonly acts as a base in chemical reactions? ketone amine hydrocarbon carboxylic acid alcohol

amine

Most of the world's sand is composed of the minerals silicon and aluminum. silicon and oxygen. feldspar and quartz. quartz and muscovite.

feldspar and quartz.

Hydrocarbons release a lot of energy when ignited. Where does this energy ultimately come from? nuclear fusion in the sun the breaking of chemical bonds photosynthesis the formation of chemical bonds

the formation of chemical bonds

Earthquake activity is associated with transform plate boundaries. divergent and convergent boundaries. divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. convergent and transform plate boundaries.

divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries.

At divergent boundaries the dominant rock type is andesite. basalt, granite, and andesite. basalt. granite.

basalt.