First Aid Midterm Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Occupations that include a legal obligation to give first aid include law enforcement
officers, park rangers, athletic trainers, lifeguards, and:

firefighters, flight attendants, & teachers

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Which of the following statements concerning Good Samaritan laws is true?

protect those who act in good faith

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A first aider must stay with the victim until another equally or better trained person
takes over. Failure to do so would be considered:

abandonment

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Duty to act, breach of duty (substandard care), and injury and damages inflicted are all
factors involved in:

negligence

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If a victim refuses first aid treatment, the first aid responder should:

call 911 and stay with victim until help arrives

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Minimizing the risk of a lawsuit includes but is not limited to which of the following?

obtaining consent, not exceeding your training level, staying with the victim once care has began

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First aid is intended to:

provide temporary assistance until proper medical care, if needed, is
obtained

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Deviating from accepted standards of care that results in further injury to the victim is
known as:

negligence

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Properly applied, first aid may mean the difference between:

life and death, rapid recovery and long hospitalization, temporary disability and permanent injury

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The leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults is:

unintentional injuries

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If the victim is unresponsive, permission to give first aid is known as:

implied consent

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A(n) _____ is a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small,

Infectious disease

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The first aider should leave the confirmation of death to:

a physician

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Refusing to acknowledge an emergency is a strategy that can interfere with which
emergency action?

Deciding to help

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What should the rescuer look for during the scene size- up?

hazards that can be dangerous to rescuer, cause of injury, and number of victims

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Someone must call 9-1-1 if you are unsure of the victim’s condition, if the victim’s condition is life threatening or could become life threatening, or:

the victim needs the skill and equipment of EMS, spinal injury is suspected, distance or traffic could delay getting to the hospital

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Which of the following are bloodborne diseases?

hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, syphillis, malaria

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Who is a vital link between emergency medical services (EMS) and the victim?

bystanders

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The grieving process has ___ stages.

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Why are laypersons less likely to offer help when an emergency occurs in a public place?

they assume someone else will take responsibility

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In a serious situation, who should you call first?

9-1-1

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A stressful event can be psychologically overwhelming and can result in a condition
known as:

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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When calling 9-1-1, which of the following information should be given to the EMS
dispatch?

victims location condition, number of persons involved, your name, and the number you called from

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Which portion of blood defends against bacteria?

white blood cells

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The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the ____.

alveoli of the lungs (respiratory system)

An unresponsive person is at risk for suffocation because:

normal swallowing controls won't operate

Signs of in adequate breathing include which of the following?

wheezing, crowing, or gurgling noises

Inadequate circulation is known as ___.

shock

Which of the following statements is true concerning infants and children?

trachea is smaller, softer, and more flexible

Something that the first aider sees, hears, or feels is:

a sign

Something that the victim tells the first aider about is:

a symptom

If the unresponsive victim has difficulty breathing, place the victim:

place them in recovery position on side to open airway

A victim's level of responsiveness or mental status can be described according to the _____.

AVPU scale (Alert. Verbal. Pain. Unresponsive.)

PEARL is a mnemonic used when assessing the:

pupils Pupils. Equal. And. Reactive to. Light.

A key point in victim assessment is to conduct a ____.

primary survey

Which of the following should be checked when assessing the victim's skin condition?

skin color, skin temperature, and skin moisture

Medical identification tags can help the first aider identify:

allergies, medications, medical history

The _____ helps determine the safety of the scene and the general condition of the victim.

initial assessment

A______, consisting of a physical examination, follows the primary check.

secondary check

Using the mnemonic ____ can help you collect the victim's history.

SAMPLE Signs + Symptoms.!Allengies. Medications. Past Pertinent Medical History. Last Oral Intake. Events Leading Up to the Incident.

When performing chest compressions on an adult victim, the sternum should be depressed:

2 inches

If the choking victim is extremely obese or in an advanced stage of pregnancy:

perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts

The ratio of compressions to breaths when performing adult CPR is:

30 compressions; 2 breaths

Adults include those who are:

at puberty or older

After initiating CPR, you stop to check circulation again:

you don't need to stop and check pulse

Which method should be used to open the airway for all unresponsive victims?

head tilt - chin lift

A child's age ranges from:

1 year to puberty

To perform chest compressions on a child:

elbows locked, arms straight, 100 - 120 compression a min

Responsive choking in infants is managed through a sequence of:

5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts

For effective chest compressions during CPR, the rescuer should:

push hard & fast

If alone with an unresponsive adult victim, the rescuer should:

activate EMS immediately, stay with victim until help arrives

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

heart disease

How many adhesive pads (electrodes) are placed on the victim's chest?

Two

Which of the following statements about AEDs is true?

need to attach to dry chest

Begin ____ immediately after the shock and follow the prompts of the AED.

CPR

Defibrillation is most effective if used:

within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest

A victim's chance of survival dramatically improves through:

early CPR and early defibrillation

An AED can:

deliver an electrical shock if necessary to treat a life threating irregular heartbeat

Avoid placing the AED pads ____ implantable devices.

directly over

When the heart stops beating:

cardiac arrest; when blood carrying afgen becomes unavailable to

AED supplies should include:

razor, extra battery, hand towel, extra set of electrode pads, a breathing device and gloves

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):

procedure of providing oxygen and chest compressions to an unresponsive person

Septic shock develops in some victims with:

bacterial infection

Why are the legs NOT elevated more than 12 inches when treating for shock?

It would affect the victims breathing

Without oxygen, the abdominal organs will start to be damaged irreparably in ____ minutes.

60-90

Why is neither food nor drink given to a shock victim?

could cause nausea and vomitting

Without oxygen, the brain will start to be damaged irreparably in ___ minutes.

First aid for anaphylactic shock includes which of the following?

epipen (if able), call 911, positioning victim properly for breathing

Which of the following statements concerning shock is correct?

a first aider can prevent shock from getting worse

The three major cardiovascular causes of shock include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

respiratory insufficiency

Shock refers to the failure of which system?

cardiovascular system

The Perfusion Triangle includes:

heart, blood vessels, and blood

n a healthy adult, initial clot function normally takes about ____ minutes

What should be done when caring for a victim of severe internal bleeding?

monitor for breathing, treat for shock, seek immediate care

Which of the following is a sign of internal bleeding?

bruses of skin, fracture ribs or bruises on the chest, vomiting or coughing up blood

To treat bruises, the first aider should:

apply icepack over injury for 20 minutes

Rapid blood loss of ____ quart(s) or more in an adult can lead to shock and death.

1 (2 pints = 1 quart)

Clotting time is _____ when the victim is taking aspirin or is anemic.

longer

In ______ bleeding, blood spurts up to several feet from the wound

arterial

What type of bleeding is the most common, is usually not serious, and is easily controlled?

capillary bleeding

Quite often, _____ bleeding will clot and stop by itself.

capillary

If a dressing becomes blood-soaked, what should be done?

remove it and apply a new dressing

What does first aid for gunshot wounds involve?

control bleeding, prevent shock, activate EMS, place victim in a supine position

Care for open wounds includes which of the following guidelines?

wash, control bleeding, place sterilized wrapping or bandage over wound

Which of the following are appropriate home treatments for the early stages of infection?

antibiotic ointment, elevation, soaking the wound in warm water

Which wound is usually deep and narrow, with a high risk of infection?

puncture wound

How should animal bites, dirty wounds, and puncture wounds be cleaned?

thoroughly wash with soap and water, remove any visible debris, apply antibiotic ointment and cover with clean badage.

Which of the following are characteristics of open wounds?

break in the skin surface, external bleeding, possible infection

A(n) _____ wound happens when a blunt object strikes the body.

closed

Which wound is smooth-edged?

incision

Which first aid supply is applied over a wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination?

sterile dressing

For a shallow wound, wash inside it with:

soap and water

Which of the following is a sign or symptom that a bandage is too tight?

blue or pale skin, coldness of the extremity, tingling or loss of feeling

Which method of applying a roller bandage can be used to cover a wound of the leg?

spiral

The most appropriate bandage for sprains and contusions is:

an elastic roller bandage

What is the purpose of a dressing?

control bleeding, prevent infection, absorb blood, protect wound from further injury

Which bandage is most appropriate for use as a sling?

triangular bandage

What is the purpose of a bandage?

hold dressing in place, apply direct pressure, prevent/reduce swelling, provide support

Which method of applying a roller bandage can be used to provide compression at or near a joint?

Figure-eight method

Which of the following is placed directly over an open wound?

dressing

Basic types of bandages include roller bandages, self-adhesive bandages, elastic bandages, triangular bandages, and _____.

tubular bandages

The first step in caring for a burn victim with a first-degree or small second-degree burn is to:

run cool water over the area immediately

Which type of burn injury is characterized by an entrance wound and an exit wound?

electrical burn

How long should cold be applied to the burned area?

20 minutes

Neglect and non-supervision of children in the kitchen and bathtub are frequent causes of ____ burns in children.

spill

Because widespread cooling can cause hypothermia, cold should not be applied to more than ___ of an adult's body surface.

20%

____ skin always burns easily and never tans

Type 1

A rough guide known as the ____ assigns a percentage value of total body surface area (BSA) to each part of an adult's body.

Rule of Nines

An aloe vera gel or moisturizer may be applied to which type of burn?

first degree

Deaths and complications increase dramatically for burn victims from which age group?

Older than 55 years

Which of the following can result from an electrical burn?

cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, muscle spasms

According to the rule of nines, what percentage of an adult's body surface is involved if both legs are burned?

36%

Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain are characteristics of which type of burn?

second - degree burn

The first aider should place a victim with a scalp wound:

with head and shoulders slightly elevated

Befong moving a conscious victim, check for spinal in injuries if the victim was injured by:

fall from a height, diving accident, motor vehicle crash, direct blow to the neck

In cases of scalp wounds, the first aider should expect ____ bleeding.

profuse

Most nosebleeds:

are self limited

Which type of spinal injury radiates pain down the legs?

lower - back

How should you control bleeding when a depressed skull fracture is suspected?

apply pressure around the edges of the wound

Which type of brain injury is a bruising of brain tissue?

brain contusion

___ in the eye are the most frequent eye injury and can be painful.

loose objects

Clear or pink watery fluid dripping from the nose or ear is a sign of a:

skull fracture

An injury in which objects such as a bullet, knife, or other sharp object enters the brain is called a:

penetration injury