First Aid Midterm Flashcards
Occupations that include a legal obligation to give first aid include law enforcement
officers, park rangers, athletic trainers, lifeguards, and:
firefighters, flight attendants, & teachers
Which of the following statements concerning Good Samaritan laws is true?
protect those who act in good faith
A first aider must stay with the victim until another equally or better trained person
takes over. Failure to do so would be considered:
abandonment
Duty to act, breach of duty (substandard care), and injury and damages inflicted are all
factors involved in:
negligence
If a victim refuses first aid treatment, the first aid responder should:
call 911 and stay with victim until help arrives
Minimizing the risk of a lawsuit includes but is not limited to which of the following?
obtaining consent, not exceeding your training level, staying with the victim once care has began
First aid is intended to:
provide temporary assistance until proper medical care, if needed, is
obtained
Deviating from accepted standards of care that results in further injury to the victim is
known as:
negligence
Properly applied, first aid may mean the difference between:
life and death, rapid recovery and long hospitalization, temporary disability and permanent injury
The leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults is:
unintentional injuries
If the victim is unresponsive, permission to give first aid is known as:
implied consent
A(n) _____ is a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small,
Infectious disease
The first aider should leave the confirmation of death to:
a physician
Refusing to acknowledge an emergency is a strategy that can interfere with which
emergency action?
Deciding to help
What should the rescuer look for during the scene size- up?
hazards that can be dangerous to rescuer, cause of injury, and number of victims
Someone must call 9-1-1 if you are unsure of the victim’s condition, if the victim’s condition is life threatening or could become life threatening, or:
the victim needs the skill and equipment of EMS, spinal injury is suspected, distance or traffic could delay getting to the hospital
Which of the following are bloodborne diseases?
hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, syphillis, malaria
Who is a vital link between emergency medical services (EMS) and the victim?
bystanders
The grieving process has ___ stages.
5
Why are laypersons less likely to offer help when an emergency occurs in a public place?
they assume someone else will take responsibility
In a serious situation, who should you call first?
9-1-1
A stressful event can be psychologically overwhelming and can result in a condition
known as:
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
When calling 9-1-1, which of the following information should be given to the EMS
dispatch?
victims location condition, number of persons involved, your name, and the number you called from
Which portion of blood defends against bacteria?
white blood cells
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the ____.
alveoli of the lungs
(respiratory system)
An unresponsive person is at risk for suffocation because:
normal swallowing controls won’t operate
Signs of in adequate breathing include which of the following?
wheezing, crowing, or gurgling noises
Inadequate circulation is known as ___.
shock
Which of the following statements is true concerning infants and children?
trachea is smaller, softer, and more flexible
Something that the first aider sees, hears, or feels is:
a sign
Something that the victim tells the first aider about is:
a symptom
If the unresponsive victim has difficulty breathing, place the victim:
place them in recovery position on side to open airway
A victim’s level of responsiveness or mental status can be described according to the
_____.
AVPU scale
(Alert. Verbal. Pain. Unresponsive.)
PEARL is a mnemonic used when assessing the:
pupils
Pupils. Equal. And. Reactive to. Light.
A key point in victim assessment is to conduct a ____.
primary survey
Which of the following should be checked when assessing the victim’s skin condition?
skin color, skin temperature, and skin moisture
Medical identification tags can help the first aider identify:
allergies, medications, medical history
The _____ helps determine the safety of the scene and the general condition of the
victim.
initial assessment
A______, consisting of a physical examination, follows the primary check.
secondary check
Using the mnemonic ____ can help you collect the victim’s history.
SAMPLE
Signs + Symptoms.!Allengies. Medications. Past Pertinent Medical History. Last Oral Intake. Events Leading Up to the Incident.
When performing chest compressions on an adult victim, the sternum should be depressed:
2 inches
If the choking victim is extremely obese or in an advanced stage of pregnancy:
perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts
The ratio of compressions to breaths when performing adult CPR is:
30 compressions; 2 breaths
Adults include those who are:
at puberty or older
After initiating CPR, you stop to check circulation again:
you don’t need to stop and check pulse
Which method should be used to open the airway for all unresponsive victims?
head tilt - chin lift
A child’s age ranges from:
1 year to puberty
To perform chest compressions on a child:
elbows locked, arms straight, 100 - 120 compression a min
Responsive choking in infants is managed through a sequence of:
5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts
For effective chest compressions during CPR, the rescuer should:
push hard & fast
If alone with an unresponsive adult victim, the rescuer should:
activate EMS immediately, stay with victim until help arrives
What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
heart disease
How many adhesive pads (electrodes) are placed on the victim’s chest?
Two
Which of the following statements about AEDs is true?
need to attach to dry chest
Begin ____ immediately after the shock and follow the prompts of the AED.
CPR
Defibrillation is most effective if used:
within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest
A victim’s chance of survival dramatically improves through:
early CPR and early defibrillation
An AED can:
deliver an electrical shock if necessary to treat a life threating irregular heartbeat
Avoid placing the AED pads ____ implantable devices.
directly over
When the heart stops beating:
cardiac arrest; when blood carrying afgen becomes unavailable to
AED supplies should include:
razor, extra battery, hand towel, extra set of electrode pads, a breathing device and gloves
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
procedure of providing oxygen and chest compressions to an unresponsive person
Septic shock develops in some victims with:
bacterial infection
Why are the legs NOT elevated more than 12 inches when treating for shock?
It would affect the victims breathing
Without oxygen, the abdominal organs will start to be damaged irreparably in ____ minutes.
60-90
Why is neither food nor drink given to a shock victim?
could cause nausea and vomitting
Without oxygen, the brain will start to be damaged irreparably in ___ minutes.
4
First aid for anaphylactic shock includes which of the following?
epipen (if able), call 911, positioning victim properly for breathing
Which of the following statements concerning shock is correct?
a first aider can prevent shock from getting worse
The three major cardiovascular causes of shock include all of the following EXCEPT which one?
respiratory insufficiency
Shock refers to the failure of which system?
cardiovascular system
The Perfusion Triangle includes:
heart, blood vessels, and blood
n a healthy adult, initial clot function normally takes about ____ minutes
10
What should be done when caring for a victim of severe internal bleeding?
monitor for breathing, treat for shock, seek immediate care
Which of the following is a sign of internal bleeding?
bruses of skin, fracture ribs or bruises on the chest, vomiting or coughing up blood
To treat bruises, the first aider should:
apply icepack over injury for 20 minutes
Rapid blood loss of ____ quart(s) or more in an adult can lead to shock and death.
1
(2 pints = 1 quart)
Clotting time is _____ when the victim is taking aspirin or is anemic.
longer
In ______ bleeding, blood spurts up to several feet from the wound
arterial
What type of bleeding is the most common, is usually not serious, and is easily
controlled?
capillary bleeding
Quite often, _____ bleeding will clot and stop by itself.
capillary
If a dressing becomes blood-soaked, what should be done?
remove it and apply a new dressing
What does first aid for gunshot wounds involve?
control bleeding, prevent shock, activate EMS, place victim in a supine position
Care for open wounds includes which of the following guidelines?
wash, control bleeding, place sterilized wrapping or bandage over wound
Which of the following are appropriate home treatments for the early stages of infection?
antibiotic ointment, elevation, soaking the wound in warm water
Which wound is usually deep and narrow, with a high risk of infection?
puncture wound
How should animal bites, dirty wounds, and puncture wounds be cleaned?
thoroughly wash with soap and water, remove any visible debris, apply antibiotic ointment and cover with clean badage.
Which of the following are characteristics of open wounds?
break in the skin surface, external bleeding, possible infection
A(n) _____ wound happens when a blunt object strikes the body.
closed
Which wound is smooth-edged?
incision
Which first aid supply is applied over a wound to control bleeding and prevent
contamination?
sterile dressing
For a shallow wound, wash inside it with:
soap and water
Which of the following is a sign or symptom that a bandage is too tight?
blue or pale skin, coldness of the extremity, tingling or loss of feeling
Which method of applying a roller bandage can be used to cover a wound of the leg?
spiral
The most appropriate bandage for sprains and contusions is:
an elastic roller bandage
What is the purpose of a dressing?
control bleeding, prevent infection, absorb blood, protect wound from further injury
Which bandage is most appropriate for use as a sling?
triangular bandage
What is the purpose of a bandage?
hold dressing in place, apply direct pressure, prevent/reduce swelling, provide support
Which method of applying a roller bandage can be used to provide compression at or
near a joint?
Figure-eight method
Which of the following is placed directly over an open wound?
dressing
Basic types of bandages include roller bandages, self-adhesive bandages, elastic bandages, triangular bandages, and _____.
tubular bandages
The first step in caring for a burn victim with a first-degree or small second-degree burn
is to:
run cool water over the area immediately
Which type of burn injury is characterized by an entrance wound and an exit wound?
electrical burn
How long should cold be applied to the burned area?
20 minutes
Neglect and non-supervision of children in the kitchen and bathtub are frequent causes of ____ burns in children.
spill
Because widespread cooling can cause hypothermia, cold should not be applied to more than ___ of an adult’s body surface.
20%
____ skin always burns easily and never tans
Type 1
A rough guide known as the ____ assigns a percentage value of total body surface area (BSA) to each part of an adult’s body.
Rule of Nines
An aloe vera gel or moisturizer may be applied to which type of burn?
first degree
Deaths and complications increase dramatically for burn victims from which age group?
Older than 55 years
Which of the following can result from an electrical burn?
cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest,
muscle spasms
According to the rule of nines, what percentage of an adult’s body surface is involved if both legs are burned?
36%
Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain are characteristics of which type of burn?
second - degree burn
The first aider should place a victim with a scalp wound:
with head and shoulders slightly elevated
Befong moving a conscious victim, check for spinal in injuries if the victim was injured by:
fall from a height, diving accident, motor vehicle crash, direct blow to the neck
In cases of scalp wounds, the first aider should expect ____ bleeding.
profuse
Most nosebleeds:
are self limited
Which type of spinal injury radiates pain down the legs?
lower - back
How should you control bleeding when a depressed skull fracture is suspected?
apply pressure around the edges of the wound
Which type of brain injury is a bruising of brain tissue?
brain contusion
___ in the eye are the most frequent eye injury and can be painful.
loose objects
Clear or pink watery fluid dripping from the nose or ear is a sign of a:
skull fracture
An injury in which objects such as a bullet, knife, or other sharp object enters the brain is
called a:
penetration injury
