physical science final Flashcards
Which of the following statements best describes an element?
a material consisting of only one type of atom
a material that is pure
a material with more than one type of atom
a material consisting of only one type of atom
Which of the following elements is in the fourth period? (Look at the periodic table is section 4)
beryllium(Be)
zirconium (Zr)
carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
chromium (Cr)
chromium (Cr)
Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? (Look at the period table in section 12.4)
indium (In)
cerium (Cr)
argon (Ar)
lithium (Li)
lithium (Li)
The mass number of an element is ________.
the sum of the protons and the neutrons
the number of protons
the sum of the electrons and the protons
the sum of the electrons and the neutrons
the sum of the isotopes
the sum of the protons and the neutrons
Using the following generic atom description, choose the correct method for determining the number of neutrons.
X
look it up on the periodic table
subtract F from G
add F and G
subtract G from F
divide F by G
subtract G from F
What is the valence shell?
It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23)
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would
have a change in flavor.
expand and likely lodge in your throat.
become radioactive.
become arsenic.
become arsenic.
If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)?
Au-2
Au
Re
Tl
Ir
Ir
Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?
Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.
That would be too much of a coincidence.
Today’s instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.
The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
The shell model presented in this course is not very accurate. Why then is it presented?
It reminds us that the study of matter relates to the solar system.
The shell model is derived from classical physics, which is still the most widely accepted approach to understanding atomic theory.
The shell model is simpler and easy to understand.
Most instructors are not good enough artists to duplicate the complicated artwork of true model on the chalk board for explanation purposes.
The shell model is simpler and easy to understand.
Which contributes more to an atom’s mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom’s size?
Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.
Electrons contribute more to an atom’s mass while protons contribute more to its size.
Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.
Protons contribute more to an atom’s mass while electrons contribute more to its size.
Protons contribute more to an atom’s mass while electrons contribute more to its size.
What is the main tenet of Plank’s quantum hypothesis?
Energy is composed of subatomic particles called quanta.
Energy can be converted into matter through nuclear quanta.
Light is composed of waves that exist only at certain quantum fundamental frequencies.
Energy is a continuum, but light is quantized.
Energy comes in discrete packets of a certain minimum size.
Energy comes in discrete packets of a certain minimum size.
What was Niels Bohr’s explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?
Any photon could excite an electron.
Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies.
Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.
Electrons could not move in an atom.
Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus.
Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.
If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? (Look at the periodic table and find the element that has 10 protons).
neon-11
sodium-20
sodium-11
neon-31
neon-21
neon-21
Which atom is largest? (Look at the period table in section 12.4)
K
H
Rb
Li
Na
Rb
When we breathe we inhale oxygen, O2, and exhale carbon dioxide, CO2, plus water vapor, H2O. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale? Does breathing cause you to lose or gain weight?
The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.
The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight.
The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.
Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)?
Br
S
O
Ar
Na
Br
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?
atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium
atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon
atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium
Which color of light comes from the higher energy transition, red or blue?
Red is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition.
Blue is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a lower energy level transition.
Blue is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition.
Blue is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition.
What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule?
A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu.
A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu.
A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu.
A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu.
A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu.
A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view.
The cat is leading the dog into a trap.
The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth.
The dog is smelling atoms from the cat
The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.
The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.
Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space?
No. A textbook could only be considered to be 99.9 percent empty space if it were combusted.
No. A textbook is a solid and thus is quite dense. Therefore it is not 99.9 percent empty space.
Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.
Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.
Where on the periodic table are METALS generally located? LEFT SIDE
Where on the periodic table are NONMETALS generally located? RIGHT SIDE
Answer 1:
LEFT SIDE
Answer 2:
RIGHT SIDE
What is the charge of a neutron?
+1
2
-1
0
0
What is an element? Choose the best answer.
A MATERIAL MADE UP OF NO ATOMS
A MATERIAL MADE UP OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM
A SUBSTANCE IN THE EARTH
A MATERIAL MADE UP OF 2 OR MORE TYPES OF ATOMS
A MATERIAL MADE UP OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM
The size of atoms tends to be larger on the right side of the periodic table and smaller to the left. True or false?
True
False
False
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass
[ Select ]
?
What is the name of this element
[ Select ]
? Hint: Atomic mass is discussed in section 12.3.
Answer 1:
99
Answer 2:
Technetium (Tc)
A region of space around the atomic nucleus within which electrons may reside is called?
SHELL
Atomic Nucleus
Atomic Core
SHELL
What instrument is used to observe the color components of any light source?
MICROSCOPE
SPECTROMETER
MASS SPECTROMETER
LASER
SPECTROMETER
What is the charge of a proton?
-2
+1
0
-1
+1
What is atomic number?
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS EACH ATOM OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IS GIVEN
THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS EACH ATOM OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IS GIVEN
THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS EACH ATOM OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IS GIVEN
No answer text provided.
THE NUMBER OF PROTONS EACH ATOM OF A GIVEN ELEMENT IS GIVEN
Which determines the element (proton, neutron, electron)
[ Select ]
Which determines the isotope (proton, neutron, electron)
[ Select ]
Answer 1:
PROTON
Answer 2:
NEUTRON
Water is an element? True/False.
True
False
False
Iron is an element.
True
False
True
What is an isotope?
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF PROTONS
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS.
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS.
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF ELECTRONS
ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT CONTAIN DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS.
What is the charge of an electron?
2
-1
+1
0
-1
A sample of radioactive material is usually a little warmer than its surroundings because
It is radioactive
It efficiently absorbs and releases energy from sunlight
It emits alpha and beta particles
Its atoms are continually being struck by alpha and beta particles
Its atoms are continually being struck by alpha and beta particles
A certain radioactive element has a half-life of 1 hour. If you start with a 1-gram sample of the element at noon, how much of this same elements will be left at 3 p.m.? (Review the definition of half-life).
0.0625 gram or 1/16 gram
1 gram
0.125 gram or 1/8 gram
0.5 gram or 1/2 gram
0.125 gram or 1/8 gram
A certain radioactive element has a half-life of 20 minutes. If you start with a 16-gram sample of the element, how much of this same elements will be left after 60 minutes? (Review the definition of half)
12 grams
1 gram
8 grams
2 grams
2 grams
Radioactivity has been around since earth’s __________________.
The last 3000 years
Ozone was formed
Beginning
Reshaping
Beginning
Which of the following statements best describes the role of neutrons in the nucleus?
The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by forming bonds with other neutrons.
The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by balancing charge.
The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting other nucleons.
The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by adding mass.
The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting other nucleons.
If a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1 day, how much of an original sample is left at the end of the second day? Section 13:3
1/2 of the original sample
1/8 of the original sample
none of the above
4,5800 years
1/4 of the original sample
1/4 of the original sample
What is the charge of beta particles?
+2
+1
0
-1
-1
Alpha particles are relatively easy to shied because of their relatively ______________ ___________. Section 3:1.
slow, speed
large, charge
large, size
dense, structure
large, size
A certain radioactive element has a half-life of one hour. If you start with a 1-g sample of the element at noon, how much of this same element will be left at 3:00 PM?
0.125 gram
0.25 gram
0.5 gram
0.0625 gram
0.125 gram
Which of the following professions would likely have the highest occupational exposure to radiation per year?
airline pilot
deep sea diver
quarterback for the Denver Broncos
lifeguard
center for the L.A. Lakers
airline pilot
Which of the following statements best describes why a large nucleus is more likely to undergo radioactive decay?
All nuclei are equally likely to undergo radioactive decay.
The nuclear force between the nucleons are very strong and squeeze out other nucleons.
The proton-proton repulsion cannot overcome the nucleon attraction.
The nuclear forces are not as strong as the repulsive electrical forces between nucleons.
The nuclear forces are not as strong as the repulsive electrical forces between nucleons.
What is transmutation?
changing one element into another by adding or removing electrons from the nucleus
a process that emits radiation
alteration in DNA due to radioactivity
changing one element into another by adding or removing protons from the nucleus
changing one element into another by adding or removing protons from the nucleus
How was the the awesome energy of nuclear fission introduced to the world? Section 13:5
In the form of laboratory experiments
In the form of lunar space crafts to the moon
In the form of fusion
In the form of nuclear bombs
In the form of nuclear bombs
What the four components of a fission reactor? Section 13:5
all of the above
fossil fuel, moderator, control rods, and liquid
Oil, gas, nuclear fuel, and liquid
nuclear fuel, control rods, moderator, and liquid
nuclear fuel, control rods, moderator, and liquid
Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to ________.
emit electrons
glow in the dark
emit light
emit radiation
radiate heat
emit radiation
Why will nuclear fission probably not be used directly for powering automobiles? Section 13:5
Radioactive wastes could not be adequately controlled.
Massive shielding would be required to protect against radioactivity exposure.
All of the above are true.
It’s more practical for cars to use the electricity generated by nuclear fission power plants.
All of the above are true
A beta particle is an ___________________. Section 13:1
electron injected into a nucleus.
electric field produced radiation.
electron ejected from a nucleus.
None of the above.
Radiation can make you glow in the dark.
electron ejected from a nucleus.
You and your friend journey to the mountain foothills to get closer to nature and escape such things as radioactivity. While bathing in the warmth of a natural hot spring she wonders aloud how the spring gets its heat. What do you tell her? You tell her that the hot water is the result of (Section 13.1)
chemical reactions involving the atomic nucleus.
nuclear fission.
radioactivity.
industrial thermal pollution.
radioactivity.
Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following form of radiation?
beta
thick leather
suntan lotion
T-shirt
lead suit
none of the above
thick leather
A friend produces a Geiger counter to check the local background radiation. It ticks. Another friend, who normally fears most that which is understood least, makes an effort to keep away from the region of the Geiger counter and looks to you for advice. What do you say?
Wear heavy clothes.
The Geiger counter is emitting radiation.
The Geiger counter is detecting naturally occurring radiation from your body.
Run away as fast as you can!
The Geiger counter is detecting naturally occurring radiation from your body.
What is the charge of gamma rays?
-1
+2
0
+1
0
The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years. This means that half of the Carbon-14 atoms that are now present in a plant ro animal that dies today will decay in the next 5730 years. True or false? (Section 13.4).
True
False
True
When food is irradiated with gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source, does the food become radioactive? Why?
No. The gamma rays do not have sufficient energy to initiate the nuclear reaction in the atoms of the food.
Yes. However, the radioactivity resulting is well below the danger level established by the FDA.
Yes and No. Although the gamma rays initiate the nuclear reaction the radioactivity does not show up until the food is ingested.
No. The gamma rays do not have sufficient energy to initiate the nuclear reaction in the atoms of the food.
Which of the following sources of radiation provides most of our yearly exposure?
smoke detectors
televisions (cathode ray tubes)
dental and medical X-rays
living near nuclear power plants
background radiation
background radiation
What is the charge of an Alpha particle?
+2
+4
-1
-2
+2
What is a significant disadvantage of fission power? Section 13:5
none of the above
Smoke from the burning of fuel
Damage to the ozone layer
Radioactive waste
The energy is proportional to the mass of the atom undergoing fission.
Radioactive waste
Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following form of radiation?
gamma
T-shirt
suntan lotion
lead suit
thick leather
lead suit
Fusion brought about by high temperatures is called __________________ _______________.
sun, fusion
thermonuclear, fusion
hot, pockets
sun, spots
thermonuclear, fusion
Name two scientists associated with the initial discovery of nuclear fission.
Mertzbaucher and deBroglie
Hahn and Strassmann
Newton and Aristole
Einstein and Oppenheimer
It is not possible to stop or control a chain reaction once it has been started.
Hahn and Strassmann
This element is touted as the fuel of the future. It burns clean, produces only energy and water vapor.
Hydrogen
Helium
Barium
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Many scientists focus on which kind of research to achieve a greater understanding of how the natural world operates?
Applied Research
Engineering Research
Basic Research
Space Research
Basic Research
Is aging primarily an example of a physical or chemical change? (Section 14.4)
Chemical
Physical
Chemical
Which of the following would be considered applied research?
testing the strength of a piece of metal
determining how readily a metal corrodes in a wet environment
determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing
determining the melting temperature of a metal
determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing
What is the name of the following compound?
CaCl2
dicalcium chloride
calc two
calcium chloride
dichlorocalcium
carbon chloride
calcium chloride
Which of the following is not a chemical change?
a rock being crushed to powder
a loaf of bread growing mold
wood burning to ash
grass growing
a rock being crushed to powder
Which of the following can be classified as matter?
water
ice cream
sand
perfume
all of the above
all of the above
What is the name of the following compound?
NaF
natrium fluoride
sodium fluoride
nitrogen afleck
natural fosfate
sodium fluoride
Which of the following would be considered basic research?
studying ways of catching mice safely
examining how quickly a trapdoor closes
testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue
examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
testing the strength of a mouse cage
examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
Oxygen, O2, is certainly good for you. Does it follow that if small amounts of oxygen are good for you then large amounts of oxygen would be especially good for you?
Yes. Increased oxygenation of the bloodstream is good for you and can increase your life span.
No. Large amounts of oxygen will absorb hydrogen from the body and increase the amount of water in the body causing an imbalance in electrolytes.
Yes. This is the reason patients are given pure (100%) oxygen during medical procedures.
No. Breathing 100% oxygen for extended periods of time can be damaging to the body.
No. Breathing 100% oxygen for extended periods of time can be damaging to the body.
Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water, H2O, have similar properties?
No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.
No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they’re made.
Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.
Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.
No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they’re made.
A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels). This is similar to a chemist’s view of matter in that
anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.
on the submicroscopic level, chemist’s find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.
the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass.
on the submicroscopic level, chemist’s find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO4? Count up all of the atoms; (For example: 3HC2 = 3 Hydrogen and 2 Carbon = 6 total atoms; 3(HC2) = 3 Hydrogens and 3 x 2 Carbons = 9 totals atoms.
2
4
3
7
24
7
What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns? Yes, the wax melts but what else happens?
The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.
The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.
The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick.
The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.
Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?
whether a material will dissolve in acid or not
the tendency of a material to explode
light sensitivity
whether a metal will rust or not
the temperature at which a liquid will boil
the temperature at which a liquid will boil
Which of the following would be considered a physical property?
corrosion resistance
reactivity towards acid
density
density
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
breaking a glass window
gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled
aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell
water freezing into ice crystals
gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust
Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.
chemical; physical; chemical; physical
physical; physical; chemical; physical
chemical; physical; physical; physical
chemical; physical; chemical; chemical
chemical; physical; chemical; physical
Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?
color
conductivity
temperature at which a material catches on fire
hardness
temperature at which a material melts
temperature at which a material catches on fire
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust
water boiling and being converted into steam
a candy bar being digested by a student
charcoal being converted into ash
water boiling and being converted into steam
What is the name of the following compound?
CO2
dicobalt
calcium dioxide
carbon dioxide
calcium oxide
dioxocarbon
carbon dioxide
A TV screen looked at from a distance appears as a smooth continuous flow of images. Up close, however, we see this is an illusion. What really exists are a series of tiny dots (pixels). This is similar to a chemist’s view of matter in that
elements are made up of only three basic types of matter.
anything that a chemist can see, touch, hear, smell, or taste is an illusion.
on the submicroscopic level, chemist’s find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
the fundamental particles of matter can also be seen when looked at closely with a magnifying glass.
on the submicroscopic level, chemist’s find that matter is made of extremely small particles, such as atoms and molecules.
Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three?
Microscopic because it pertains to the formation of crystals.
Submicroscopic because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can’t be seen with a microscope.
All of the above because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.
Macroscopic because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.
All of the above because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.
How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in H3OClO4. (For example C has 1 atom; C4 has 4 carbon atoms; 3H2 has 3 x 2 = 6 Hydrogen atoms; 2H has 2 x1 = 2 Hydrogen atoms).
1
3
2
5
7
5
What type of ion does the magnesium atom, Mg, tend to form?
2+
3+
2-
1=
2+
A temporary uneven distribution of electrons is called a ___________________________.
Dipole
No answer text provided.
Induced dipole
Unpaired dipole
Induced dipole
Choose the best answer.
Where are valence electrons located, and why are they important? (Review this section of chapter 15).
Innermost shell of an atom, and important because of the chemical symbol
Outermost occupied shell of an atom, key role in determining the chemical properties
Outermost occupied shell of an atom, determines the number of electrons
Innermost shell of an atom, and contributes to the electron dot structure.
Outermost occupied shell of an atom, key role in determining the chemical properties
How many electrons has the following ion lost or gained?
Ag+
Gained 2 electrons
Lost 1 electron
Lost 2 electrons
Gained 1 electron
Lost 1 electron
ections 15.2 The formation of Ions (Hint: look up the element on the periodic table)
Name the following ion.
Ag+
silver ion
Sections 1.3 through 1.6.
What kind of bond does Sodium and Chlorine form?
Image result for picture of sodium and chlorine bond
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Metallic Bond
Ionic Bond
Iodine, I2, has a higher melting point than fluorine, F2, because its
Molecules are heavier
Atoms are larger
Atoms have greater electronegativity
Non-polarity is greater
Atoms are larger
Section 15.6
What is the electronnegativity of Phosphorus? (Look at the chart in your e-book).
2.19
When nitrogen and fluorine combine to form a molecule, the most likely chemical formula is
NF
NF3
NF4
N2F
NF3
Section 15.1
How many valence electrons are in Nitrogen?
Image result
5
3
1
2
5
Section 15:1 in the textbook
What do the single dots represent in the figure below?
Image result
Protons
Unpaired electrons
shells
Paired electrons
Unpaired electrons
Section 1.5 in the textbook
Astronomers have recently discovered an expired star that has a solid core made of diamond. True or False.
True
False
True
Section 15.1 in the textbook
Which element has 7 valence electrons? (Hint: look at the periodic table)
Br
Ba
Be
He
Br
Sections 15.2 The formation of Ions
How many electrons has the following ion lost or gained?
Ca2+
Lost 1 electron
Lost 2 electrons
Gained 1 electron
Gained 2 electrons
Lost 2 electrons
Section 15.2 The formation of ions
When the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom equals the number of electrons in the atom, the charges balance and the atom is electrically ____________________.
neutral
Section 15.6
What is the electronegativity of Chlorine (Cl)? (Look at the chart in your e-book).
3.16
Sections 15.2 The formation of Ions
Has the following ion lost or gained an electron(s)?
Ag+
Lost
Gained
Lost
Section 15.5 in the textbook
What kind of bond is diamond?
Ionic bond
Metallic bond
Polar Covalent
Covalent bond
Covalent bond
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -2 charge?
Cl
Na
Ne
S
Mg
S
Many of the macroscopic properties of a compound depend on ________.
the size of the sample
how the atoms absorb light and the shape of the orbitals
the mass of the constituent atoms
how the atoms of the molecules are held together
the number of nucleons present in the sample
how the atoms of the molecules are held together
Which of the following has the greatest number of nonbonding pairs of electrons ? (Use the Periodic Table)
He
F
H
F
The following is an example of an ionic bond
Carbon dioxide Co2
Methane CH4
Lithium Fluoride LiF
Water H2O
Lithium Fluoride LiF
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a -1 charge?
Mg
Na
Cl
Ne
S
Cl
If carbonic acid (H2CO3) were to undergo ionization, what would one of the products be?
H-
CO3-2
CO3-1
CO2
H2O
CO3-2
Which of the following is NOT an ion?
Mg+2
O2
H+1
Br-
O2
Why are ores so valuable? (End of Chapter 15 Readiness questions)
The are sources of naturally occurring gold
They tend to be found in scenic places
Metals can be efficiently extracted from them
They hold clues to the earth’s history
Metals can be efficiently extracted from them
Which of the following is the strongest?
A chemical bond
A dipole-dipole attraction
A dipole-induced dipole attraction
A chemical bond
What it the main difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron.
Both bonds are the same, but named different to describe different atoms involved.
The electrons are traded between the two atoms and this keeps the atoms close.
One involves electrons, the other does not involve any electrons.
The electrons in both types of bonding undergo an exchange.
One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron.
If a neutral atom loses one electron, what is the electrical charge of the atom?
+1
-2
+2
neutral
-1
+1
What is the valence shell? (Use the Periodic Table)
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
It is the same as the orbital configuration.
It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.
It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
Classify the following bonds as ionic, covalent, or neither (O, atomic number 8; F, atomic number 9; Na, atomic number 11; Cl, atomic number 17; U, atomic number 92).
O with F Ca with Cl Na with Na
neither, ionic, covalent
ionic, covalent, neither
covalent, ionic, covalent
covalent, ionic, neither
covalent, ionic, neither
Which of the following compounds has polar covalent bonds?
S8
CsF2
Ne
CH4
H2O
H2O
The separation of charges within a polar molecule is called a(n) ________.
strong attraction
polar bond
dipole-dipole
ionic bond
dipole
dipole
Why is it so easy for a magnesium atom to lose two electrons?
These two electrons are found relatively far from the nucleus.
There are lots of electron-electron repulsions that go on within the valence shell.
These two electrons are well shielded from the nuclear charge.
The nuclear charge of the magnesium atoms is relatively weak.
These two electrons are well shielded from the nuclear charge.
An atom loses an electron to another atom. Is this an example of a physical or chemical change?
chemical change involving the formation of neutral atoms
physical change involving the formation of positive ions
physical change involving the formation of negative ions
chemical change involving the formation of ions
chemical change involving the formation of ions
Which of the following elements has two valence electrons? (Use the Periodic Table)
Li
Na
H
Mg
Ne
Mg
How many valence electrons does gallium (Ga, atomic no. = 31) have? (Use the Periodic Table)
1
6
31
3
70
3
Which of the following statements describes a polar molecule?
The molecules have a high degree of symmetry.
None of these statements describe polar molecules.
The molecules are usually not attracted to one another very strongly.
Polar molecules have the weakest intermolecular interactions with ionic compounds.
The electrons in the molecule are distributed evenly throughout the molecule.
None of these statements describe polar molecules.
What is the compound that forms if you react potassium and sulfur?
SP
SkP
K2S
K2S
How many valence electrons does bromine (Br, atomic no. = 35) have?
7
1
21
35
7
Which of the following elements has six valence electrons?
C
B
O
N
Be
O
How many oxide ions (O-2) are needed to balance the positive charge of a titanium ion (Ti+4)?
3
2
4
1
2
Distinguish between a metal and a metal-containing compound.
Only one of these contains ionic bonds.
Only one of these contains covalent bonds.
There is no distinction between the two.
Only one of these occurs naturally.
Only one of these contains ionic bonds.
A mole of atoms is equal to ___________________________________ of atoms.
a billion
a variable number
Avogadro’s number
a dozen
Avogadro’s number
___________ is a common concentration unit used by chemists and is calculated by the following: (number of moles of solute) / (liters of solution).
molarity
mole fraction
particles
percent by mass
molarity
Avogadro was an ________________________chemist.
Italian
French
British
American
Italian
What is the atomic mass of CO2?
32.00
38.00
40.02
44.01
44.01
What is the atomic mass of NO?
30.01
14.01
16.00
None of the above
30.01
What is the atomic mass of H2O?
18.0
16.0
34.0
all of the above
18.0
The solubility of a gas solute in a liquid solvent _________ with increasing temperature.
increases
decreases
stays the same
decreases
A material that does not dissolve in a solvent to any appreciable extent is said to be _____.
soluble
insoluble
dense
insoluble
In general, the solubility of solids ___________ with increasing temperature.
increases
decreases
stays the same
increases
A saturated solution will allow more solute to dissolve at the given temperature.
True
False
False
How many moles of sucrose are are 0.5L of a 2M solution?
.25 moles
1 mole
2 moles
4 moles
1 mole
Which solution contains the greatest number of moles of NaOH?
200 mL of a 8M NaOH solution
600 mL of a 4M NaOH solution
600 mL of a 4M NaOH solution
Which solution is most concentrated?
200 mL of a 8M NaOH solution
600 mL of a 4M NaOH solution
200 mL of a 8M NaOH solution
How many molecules of sucrose are in a 0.5 moles of sucrose? Hint: See this section in chapter 17.
12.04 × 1023 molecules of sucrose
3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose
1 gram
0.5
6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose
3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose
What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent?
Soaps and detergents are exactly the same.
Soaps are all natural.
Detergents are better than soaps.
Soaps are biodegradable, detergents are not.
Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic.
Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic
Why do hot water heaters lose their efficiency quicker in households with hard water?
The hard water calcium and magnesium ions corrode the heating element.
The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element.
The hard water calcium ions exchange with iron ions from the inner metal wall which react with the water heater base to form rust and deteriorate the bottom of the tank.
The hard water calcium carbonate deposits oxidize the inner tank wall.
The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element
Which of the following is not a typical use for potable water?
drinking
boiling
cooking in a pot
irrigation
flushing a toilet
irrigation
What is the first step in treating raw sewage?
filtration of solids
disinfection
removal of grit by settling
removal of sludge
filtration of solids
Which of the following describes the term concentration?
It is the given amount of solvent per amount of solute.
It is the amount of solvent in a given amount of solution.
It is the given amount of solution in a given container.
It is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution.
It is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution.
How would you classify the following material?
a cappuccino (with foam)
a solution
a compound
an element
a suspension
a heterogeneous mixture
a heterogeneous mixture
Why are there few odors emanating from a properly managed composting toilet?
The ventilation system steers odors through a carbon filter.
Decomposition is aerobic.
Tight seals prevent the escape of odors.
Odors are absorbed by a layer of water.
Decomposition is aerobic.
What is the purpose of adding aluminum salts and a base to water during water treatment?
The two together gel and trap dirt and bacteria.
The base dissolves the dirt.
The aluminum removes the rust taste from the water
The higher pH kills bacteria.
It improves the taste.
The two together gel and trap dirt and bacteria.
Why might softened water not be good for some one who is trying to reduce their dietary sodium ion intake?
A person needs a certain level of calcium and magnesium in the water to help excrete the sodium from their body.
The softened water leaches sodium from the body, so a person might not be getting the dietary recommended levels of sodium.
Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions.
The potassium used in the softener to replace the calcium and magnesium ions increases the sodium retention in the body.
Water softeners work by replacing the calcium and magnesium ions of the water with sodium ions; softened water contains increased levels of sodium ions.
A solid has a solubility at room temperature of 78 grams per liter. If 1.0 L of a hot solution containing 100. g of solute is cooled to room temperature, how much solid is formed?
78 g
78g/L
22 g
100 g
1 L
22 g
How would you classify the following material?
coffee (black)
a compound
a heterogeneous mixture
an element
a solution
a suspension
a solution
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.
The way in which their atoms are bonded together.
One is a solid and the other is a liquid.
They both consist of atoms from different elements.
The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.
What is an advantage of using chlorine gas to disinfect drinking water supplies?
It gives the water a fresh taste.
Residual chlorine in water helps to whiten teeth.
It provides residual protection against pathogens.
It provides residual protection against pathogens.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
The components of a compound have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
A compound can be physically separated into its components; a mixture cannot be physically separated into its components.
A compound is just a mixture of elements.
A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
Which of the following statements does not describes the similarity between soaps and detergents?
Both dissolve oils.
They have a polar ionic end and a long nonpolar tail.
Both are made from fatty acids.
Both are biodegradable.
Both are made from fatty acids.
Many dry cereals are fortified with iron, which is added to the cereal in the form of small iron particles. How might these particles be separated from the cereal?
add water and the iron particles will float to the top
blend the cereal to a fine consistency and pass through a filter
collect the iron filings with a magnet
heat the cereal so that the iron particles melt and thereby coalesce
collect the iron filings with a magnet
Which of the following would be considered a homogeneous mixture?
wine
rusty iron
sugar
pretzel
hydrogen cyanide
wine
Classify the following as element, compound, or mixture, and justify your classifications: table salt, stainless steel, table sugar, aluminum, ice.
compound; element; compound; element; compound
mixture; compound; mixture; element; compound
mixture; element; compound; element; element
compound; mixture; compound element; compound
compound; mixture; compound element; compound
Which of the following is a pure substance?
duct tape
cooking oil
orange juice
baking soda
salt water
baking soda
Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture?
water
vegetable oil
milk
salad dressing
vinegar
salad dressing
Which of the following is a mixture?
salt
iron
air
helium
gold
air
start at chapter 17 assgn then chapter 17 quiz
