Physical Landscapes in the UK

Question 1

Relief of the UK

Answer 1

Relief of the UK can be divided into uplands and lowlands. Each have their own characteristics

Question 2

What is Erosion

Answer 2

The break down and transport of rocks , smooth, round and sorted

Question 3

Attrition

Answer 3

Rocks that bash together to become smooth/ smaller

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

A chemical reaction that dissolves rocks

Question 5

Abrasion

Answer 5

Rocks hurled at the base of a cliff to break peices apart

Question 6

Hydraulic Action

Answer 6

Water enters cracks in the cliff, air compresses, causing the crack to expand

Question 7

What is Transportation

Answer 7

A natural process by which eroded material is carried/ transported

Question 8

Solution

Answer 8

Minerals dissolve in water and are carried along

Question 9

Suspension

Answer 9

Sediment is carried along in the flow of water

Question 10

Saltation

Answer 10

Pebbles that bounce along the sea/ river bed

Question 11

Traction

Answer 11

Boulders that roll along a river/sea bed by the force of the flowing water`

Question 12

What is Mass movement

Answer 12

A large movement of soil and rock debris that moves down slopes in response to the pull of gravity in a vertical direction

Question 13

Mass Movement

Answer 13

1. Rain saturates the permeable rock above the impermeable rock making it heavy
2. Waves or a river will erode the base of the slope making it unstable
3. Eventually the weight of the permeable rock above the impermeable rock weakens and collapses
4. The debris at the base of the cliff is then removed and transported by waves or river

Question 14

How do spits form (pt. 1)

Answer 14

Swash moves up the beach at the angle of the prevailing wind.​

Backwash moves down the beach at 90° to coastline, due to gravity. ​

Zigzag movement (Longshore Drift) transports material along beach. ​

Question 15

How do spits form (pt. 2)

Answer 15

Deposition causes beach to extend, until reaching a river estuary.​

Change in prevailing wind direction forms a hook.​

Sheltered area behind spit encourages deposition, salt marsh forms.

Question 16

Types of weathering

Answer 16

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks where they are.

Question 17

Carbonation

Answer 17

Breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 18

Mechanical

Answer 18

Breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

Question 19

What is deposition

Answer 19

When the sea or river loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying. This is called deposition

Question 20

Formation of bays and headlands (pt. 1)

Answer 20

​

Hydraulic action widens cracks in the cliff face over time.​

Abrasion forms a wave cut notch between HT and LT.​

Further abrasion widens the wave cut notch to from a cave.​

Question 21

How do waves form

Answer 21

Waves are created by wind blowing over the surface of the sea. As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created - producing a swell in the water.​

Question 22

Why do waves break

Answer 22

1. Waves start out at sea
2. As waves approaches the shore, friction slows the base
3. This causes the orbit to become elliptical
4. Until the top of the wave breaks over

Question 23

Size of waves

Answer 23

Fetch how far the wave has travelled​

Strength of the wind. ​

How long the wind has been blowing for

Question 24

What are the two types of waves

Answer 24

Constructive waves
Destructive waves

Question 25

Constructive waves

Answer 25

This wave has a swash that is stronger than the backwash. This therefore builds up the coast

Question 26

Destructive waves

Answer 26

This wave has a backwash that is stronger than the swash. This therefore erodes the coast

Question 27

Examples of coastal stacks in the UK

Answer 27

Old Harry Rocks, Dorset

Question 28

Formation of Coastal Stacks (pt.1)

Answer 28

Hydraulic action widens cracks in the cliff face over time.​

Abrasion forms a wave cut notch between HT and LT.​

Further abrasion widens the wave cut notch to from a cave.​

Question 29

Formation of Coastal Stacks (pt.2)

Answer 29

Caves from both sides of the headland break through to form an arch.​

Weather above/erosion below –arch collapses leaving stack. ​

Further weathering and erosion eaves a stump