Changing Economic World 2 KO Flashcards
What is development
Development is an improvement in living standards through better use of resources
What is development : Economic
This is progress in economic growth through levels of industrialisation and use of technology
What is development : Social
This is an improvement in people’s standard of living. For example, clean water and electricity
What is development : Environmental
This involves advances in the management and protection of the environment
Economic indictors examples : Employment type
The proportion of the population working in primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary industries
Economic indictors examples : Gross Domestic Product per capita
This is the total value of goods and services produced in a country per person, per year
Economic indicators examples : Gross National Income per capita
An average of gross national income per person, per year in US dollars
Social indicators examples : Infant mortality
The number of children who die before reaching 1 per 1000 babies born
Social indicators examples : Literacy Rate
The percentage of population over the age of 15 who can read and write
Social indicators examples : Life expectancy
The average lifespan of someone born in that country
Mixed Indicators : HDI
A number that uses life expectancy, education level and income per person
Variations in the level of development : LIC’s
Poorest countries in the world. GNI per capita is low and most citizens have a low standard of living
Variations in the level of development : NEE’s
These countries are getting richer as their economy is progressing from the primary industry to the secondary industry. Greater exports leads to better wages
Variations in the level of development : HIC’s
These countries are wealthy with a high GNI per capita and standards of living. These countries can spend money on services
Causes of uneven development
Development is globally uneven with most HICs located in Europe, North America and Oceania. Most NEEs are in Asia and South America, whilst most LICs are in Africa. Remember, development can also vary within countries too.
Physical factors affecting uneven development: Natural rescources
Fuel sources such as oil.
Minerals and metals for fuel.
Availability for timber.
Access to safe water
Physical factors affecting uneven development: Climate
Reliability of rainfall to benefit farming.
Extreme climates limit industry and affects health.
Climate can attract tourists.
Physical factors affecting uneven development: Natural Hazards
Risk of tectonic hazards.
Benefits from volcanic material and floodwater.
Frequent hazards undermines redevelopment.
Physical factors affecting uneven development : Location/Terrain
Landlocked countries may find trade difficulties.
Mountainous terrain makes farming difficult.
Scenery attracts tourists.
Human factors affecting uneven development : AID
Aid can help some countries develop key projects for infrastructure faster.
Aid can improve services such as schools, hospitals and roads.
Too much reliance on aid might stop other trade links becoming established.
Human factors affecting uneven development : Trade
Countries that export more than they import have a trade surplus. This can improve the national economy.
Having good trade relationships.
Trading goods and services is more profitable than raw materials.
Human factors affecting uneven development : Education
Education creates a skilled workforce meaning more goods and services are produced.
Educated people earn more money, meaning they also pay more taxes. This money can help develop the country in the future.
Human factors affecting uneven development : Health
Lack of clean water and poor healthcare means a large number of people suffer from diseases.
People who are ill cannot work so there is little contribution to the economy.
More money on healthcare means less spent on development.
Human factors affecting uneven development : Politics
Corruption in local and national governments.
The stability of the government can effect the country’s ability to trade.
Ability of the country to invest into services and infrastructure.
Human factors affecting uneven development :
Colonialism has helped Europe develop, but slowed down development in many other countries.
Countries that went through industrialization a while ago, have now develop further.
Consequences of Uneven Development
Levels of development are different in different countries. This uneven development has consequences for countries, especially in wealth, health and migration.
Consequences of Uneven Development : Wealth
People in more developed countries have higher incomes than less developed countries
Consequences of Uneven Development : Health
Better healthcare means that people in more developed countries live longer than those in less developed countries.
Consequences of Uneven Development :
Migration
If nearby countries have higher levels of development or are secure, people will move to seek better opportunities and standard of living
What is the DTM
The demographic transition model (DTM) shows population change over time. It studies how birth rate and death rate affect the total population of a country
