Changing UK economy Flashcards
Impacts of industry on the physical environment
. Manufacturing plants can look very dull and uninteresting
. Industrial processes can cause air and water pollution, as well as degrading the soil
. Waste products from manufacturing are often taken to landfill
How can industrial development be more sustainable
. Technology can be used to reduce harmful emissions from power stations and heavy industry
. Heavy fines imposed when an industrial pollution incident occurs
. Desulphurisation can remove harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide from power station chimneys.
Quarrying in the UK
Quarrying can have harmful impacts on the environment it can:
. Destroy natural habitats
. Pollute nearby water sources
. Scar the landscape
Examples of restoration in quarrying in the UK
. Landfill
. Housing
. Flood storage
. Agriculture
. Habitat creation
What is Torr Quarry
. 1 of 8 limestone quarries on the Mendip Hills
. Over 100 people are employed at Torr Quarry
. Contributes £15 million towards the local economy each year
How does Torr Quarry aim to be environmentally sustainable
. The quarry is being restored to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
. Characteristic limestone natural features will be created to make the landscape look natural
. Rail transport minimises the impact on local roads and villages
Torr Quarry
In 2010 a planning application was made to deepen the quarry to extend
operations to 2040. Deepening has less impact on the environment then extending the quarry outwards
Transport
Transport involves the movement of people, goods and services. Improvements in transport have enabled the UK’s economy to grow and develop. This remains a major issue for the future. Transport developments affect both employment and regional growth
Road Improvements
In 2014 the government announced a £15 billion ‘Road Investment Strategy. Plans include:
. 100 new road schemes by 2020
. 1300 new lane miles added to motorway and truck roads to tackle congestion
. Extra lanes added to motorways to turn them into smart motorways
South-West ‘Superhighway’
A £2 Billion road-widening project will take place on the A303
Converting the route to dual carriageway will create a ‘super-highway’ to Plymouth and beyond
Railway improvements
.Improving trans-Pennine rail links reducing journey times by up to 15 minutes
.HS2 - a planned high-speed rail line to connect London with Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds and Manchester. it is controversial as the route passes through countryside and close to many homes
London’s Crossrail
.Crossrail is a new railway across London that links Reading and Heathrow (to the West), to Sheffield and Abbey Wood (to the East) .
.Crossrail (and Crossrail 2) will reduce journey times across London
.It will bring additional 1.5 million people within 45 minutes commuting distance of London’s key business districts
London’s Crossrail
.Crossrail is a new railway across London that links Reading and Heathrow (to the West), to Sheffield and Abbey Wood (to the East) .
.Crossrail (and Crossrail 2) will reduce journey times across London
.It will bring additional 1.5 million people within 45 minutes commuting distance of London’s key business districts
Developing the UK’s ports
Ports employ 120,000 people each year and 32 million travel through them annually
.Bristol (Avonmouth) - 195 million invested for bulk handling and storage facilities
.A new rail terminal at Felixstowe and upgraded cruise service facilities at Harwich
Liverpool2
A new container terminal is being constructed at the Port of Liverpool known as ‘Liverpool2’
The project will more than double the port’s capacity to over 1.5 million containers a year. Phase 1 opened in 2016. When complete the new terminal will:
.Create thousands of jobs in the North-West
.Boost regional economy
.Reduce amount of freight traffic on roads
