Natural Hazards Flashcards
What are primary effects caused by
Primary effects are caused by ground shaking and can include deaths and injuries and damage to roads and buildings
What are secondary effects caused by
Secondary effects are result of primary effects and include tsunami, fires and landslides.
Responses to earthquakes include emergency care and support and help with long - term reconstruction
Primary effects of the Chile earthquake
. Around 500 people killed and 12000 injured, 800,000 people affected
. 220,000 homes, 4500 schools, 53 ports and other public buildings destroyed
Primary effects of Chile earthquake pt.2
. Port of Talcahuano and Santiago airport badly damaged
. Much of Chile lost power, water supplies and Commnications
. Cost of the earthquake estimated at US$30 billion
Secondary effects of the Chile earthquake
. 1500km of roads damaged, mainly by landslides - remote communities cut off for many days
. Several coastal towns devastated by tsunami waves
. Several pacific countries struck by tsunami
. Fire at chemical plant near Santoago
Primary effects of the Nepal earthquake
9000 people died and 20,000 injured
. 8 million people affected
. 3 million people left homeless
. Electricity, water supplies and communications affected
. 1.4 million people needed food water and shelter
Primary effects of the Nepal earthquake pt.2
. 7000 schools destroyed and hospitals became overwhelmed
. Airport became congested as aid arrived
. 50% of schools destroyed
. $5 billion worth of damagwe
Secondary effects of the Nepal earthquake
. Ground shaking triggered landslides and avalanches blocking roads
. Avalanches on Mount Everest killed at least 19 people
. 250 people missing in the Langtang region
What are immediate responses
Search and rescue and keeping survivors alive by providing medical care, food and water shelter
What are long-term responses
Re-building and reconstruction, with the aim of returning people’s lives back to normal and reducing future risk
Immediate responses in the Chile earthquake
. Emergency services acted swiftly, international help needed to supply field hospitals, satellite phones and floating bridges
. power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days
Long term responses in Chile
. Chile’s government launched a housing reconstruction plan to help nearly 200,000 households affected by the earthquake
. Chile’s strong economy based on copper exports could be built without the need for much foreign aid
Immediate responses in Nepal
. Search and rescue teams, water and medical support arrived quickly from countries such as UK, India and China
. Half a million tents needed to provide shelter for the homeless
. Financial aid pledged from many countries
Long - term responses on Nepal
. Roads repaired and landslides cleared. Lakes formed by landslides damming river alleys, need to be emptied to avoid flooding
. Stricter controls on building codes
. Tourism - a major source of income - to be boosted by July 2015
Primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan
. 6300 people killed
. 600,000 people displaced
. 40,000 homes damaged or flattened
. Tacloban airport badly damaged
Secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan
. 14 million people affected
. 6 million people lost their source of income
. Power supplies in areas cut off for a month
. Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban
What happened in Typhoon Haiyan
. The province of Leyte took the full force of the storm, the city of Tacloban was one of the worst affected places with most of the 220,000 inhabitants left homeless
What are the Somerset Levels
. Somerset is a county in South-west England
. The Somerset levels and Somerset Moors form an extensive area of low-lying wetlands bordered by the Bristol Chanell and Quantock Hills
What caused the Somerset floods
. It was the wettest January since records began in 1910, about 350mm of rain fell in January and February, about 100mm above average
. High tides and storm surges swept water up the rivers from the Bristol Channel. This prevented fresh water from reaching the sea and it flooded riverbanks
. Rivers had not been dredged for at least 20 years
Immediate responses Sommerset Floods
. Villagers cut off by the floods used boats to go shopping or attend school
. Local community groups and volunteers gave invaluable support
Long term responses Floods
. March 2014, 8km of the Rivers Tone and Parrett were dredged to increase the capacity of the River Channel
. Vulnerable communities will have flood defences
. Riverbanks are being raised and strengthened and more pumping stations will be built
Social impacts of the Somerset floods
. Over 600 houses flooded.
. 16 farms evacuated
. People had power supplies cut off
.
Economic impacts of the Somerset floods
. Over 14000 ha of agricultural land under water for 3-4 weeks
. Local roads cut off by floods
. Damage estimated to be more than £10 million
Environmental impacts of the Somerset floods
. Floodwaters heavily contaminated with sewage and other pollutants including oil and chemicals
. Huge number of debris had to be cleared
. Stagnant water that had to be collected for months to be reoxygenated
