Natural Hazards

Question 1

What are primary effects caused by

Answer 1

Primary effects are caused by ground shaking and can include deaths and injuries and damage to roads and buildings

Question 2

What are secondary effects caused by

Answer 2

Secondary effects are result of primary effects and include tsunami, fires and landslides.
Responses to earthquakes include emergency care and support and help with long - term reconstruction

Question 3

Primary effects of the Chile earthquake

Answer 3

. Around 500 people killed and 12000 injured, 800,000 people affected
. 220,000 homes, 4500 schools, 53 ports and other public buildings destroyed

Question 4

Primary effects of Chile earthquake pt.2

Answer 4

. Port of Talcahuano and Santiago airport badly damaged
. Much of Chile lost power, water supplies and Commnications
. Cost of the earthquake estimated at US$30 billion

Question 5

Secondary effects of the Chile earthquake

Answer 5

. 1500km of roads damaged, mainly by landslides - remote communities cut off for many days
. Several coastal towns devastated by tsunami waves
. Several pacific countries struck by tsunami
. Fire at chemical plant near Santoago

Question 6

Primary effects of the Nepal earthquake

Answer 6

9000 people died and 20,000 injured
. 8 million people affected
. 3 million people left homeless
. Electricity, water supplies and communications affected
. 1.4 million people needed food water and shelter

Question 7

Primary effects of the Nepal earthquake pt.2

Answer 7

. 7000 schools destroyed and hospitals became overwhelmed
. Airport became congested as aid arrived
. 50% of schools destroyed
. $5 billion worth of damagwe

Question 8

Secondary effects of the Nepal earthquake

Answer 8

. Ground shaking triggered landslides and avalanches blocking roads
. Avalanches on Mount Everest killed at least 19 people
. 250 people missing in the Langtang region

Question 9

What are immediate responses

Answer 9

Search and rescue and keeping survivors alive by providing medical care, food and water shelter

Question 10

What are long-term responses

Answer 10

Re-building and reconstruction, with the aim of returning people’s lives back to normal and reducing future risk

Question 11

Immediate responses in the Chile earthquake

Answer 11

. Emergency services acted swiftly, international help needed to supply field hospitals, satellite phones and floating bridges
. power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days

Question 12

Long term responses in Chile

Answer 12

. Chile’s government launched a housing reconstruction plan to help nearly 200,000 households affected by the earthquake
. Chile’s strong economy based on copper exports could be built without the need for much foreign aid

Question 13

Immediate responses in Nepal

Answer 13

. Search and rescue teams, water and medical support arrived quickly from countries such as UK, India and China
. Half a million tents needed to provide shelter for the homeless
. Financial aid pledged from many countries

Question 14

Long - term responses on Nepal

Answer 14

. Roads repaired and landslides cleared. Lakes formed by landslides damming river alleys, need to be emptied to avoid flooding
. Stricter controls on building codes
. Tourism - a major source of income - to be boosted by July 2015

Question 15

Primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 15

. 6300 people killed
. 600,000 people displaced
. 40,000 homes damaged or flattened
. Tacloban airport badly damaged

Question 16

Secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 16

. 14 million people affected
. 6 million people lost their source of income
. Power supplies in areas cut off for a month
. Looting and violence broke out in Tacloban

Question 17

What happened in Typhoon Haiyan

Answer 17

. The province of Leyte took the full force of the storm, the city of Tacloban was one of the worst affected places with most of the 220,000 inhabitants left homeless

Question 18

What are the Somerset Levels

Answer 18

. Somerset is a county in South-west England
. The Somerset levels and Somerset Moors form an extensive area of low-lying wetlands bordered by the Bristol Chanell and Quantock Hills

Question 19

What caused the Somerset floods

Answer 19

. It was the wettest January since records began in 1910, about 350mm of rain fell in January and February, about 100mm above average
. High tides and storm surges swept water up the rivers from the Bristol Channel. This prevented fresh water from reaching the sea and it flooded riverbanks
. Rivers had not been dredged for at least 20 years

Question 20

Immediate responses Sommerset Floods

Answer 20

. Villagers cut off by the floods used boats to go shopping or attend school
. Local community groups and volunteers gave invaluable support

Question 21

Long term responses Floods

Answer 21

. March 2014, 8km of the Rivers Tone and Parrett were dredged to increase the capacity of the River Channel
. Vulnerable communities will have flood defences
. Riverbanks are being raised and strengthened and more pumping stations will be built

Question 22

Social impacts of the Somerset floods

Answer 22

. Over 600 houses flooded.
. 16 farms evacuated
. People had power supplies cut off
.

Question 23

Economic impacts of the Somerset floods

Answer 23

. Over 14000 ha of agricultural land under water for 3-4 weeks
. Local roads cut off by floods
. Damage estimated to be more than £10 million

Question 24

Environmental impacts of the Somerset floods

Answer 24

. Floodwaters heavily contaminated with sewage and other pollutants including oil and chemicals
. Huge number of debris had to be cleared
. Stagnant water that had to be collected for months to be reoxygenated