Changing Economic KO 2 Flashcards
Economic and Industrial Change in China : History and Landscape
In 1949 China was one of the poorest countries in the world with ~90% of the population lived in the countryside and in poverty. The average life expectancy was 49 and you’d have 5 children.
1979 opened up borders and Coca-Cola was one of the first companies to set up a joint venture in China.
It has some very inaccessible areas including the 4000m high Tibetan plateau and 2 deserts! This means the population is concentrated near the rivers in the East and the coast.
China has an ageing population and a gender imbalance following its 1 child policy.
Economic and Industrial Change in China : Political Changes
China is an original member of the UN and is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council who safeguard world peace.
The EU is by far the largest trading partner of China, and China is the second largest trading partner of the EU. The EU’s investment in China continues to grow.
Economic and Industrial Change in China : Manufacturing and Economy
80% of China’s exports are manufactured goods - textiles and electronic equipment. It is the #1 producer of computers.
3/5 of the world’s busiest ports are in China
Economic and Industrial Change in China: TNCs in China: Apple
Workers are cheaper in China than American ones would be. The apple Shenzen factory employs over 300,000 people and they get paid 30p/hr. Most workers live in dorms next to the factory, and get 3 meals a day.
Economic and Industrial Change in China: Aid to China
11.8% of people in China live on less than $1.90 a day.
Official Development Assistance (ODA) from Japan to China began in. This was following a history of violent and nasty wars between the 2 nations. It is an example of bilateral aid.
Economic and Industrial Change in China : Impacts of Development in China : Social
urban migration has led to water stress in the north of China.
traffic congestion; 5mill cars in Beijing alone!
Very dense populations in the flat, accessible areas of the east means greenbelts no longer exist. HDI on the up
Economic and Industrial Change in China: Impacts of Development in China : Environmental
Soil erosion and desertification in the north.
Habitats being destroyed to build and farm
10% of agricultural land is contaminated with heavy metals and 1/3 Yangtze river is too polluted to use!
China emits 30% of the world’s annual greenhouse gases due to coal - which has knock on health impacts
What is de-industrialization
De-industrialization is the decline in secondary (manufacturing) industries, and the subsequent growth in tertiary and quaternary employment
Economic and Industrial Change in the UK
The UK has experienced de-industrialisation and has changed into a post-industrial economy; with more tertiary and quaternary industries.
Secondary manufacturing industries (like the steel around here) has moved to cheaper countries abroad (e.g. China).
Changing Economic and Industrial Teesside : Science parks ; Cambridge Science Park
Founded by Cambridge University in 1970- it’s the oldest science park in the UK.
Over 100 companies, ranging from TNCs to start-ups, are located at the Centre.
It has strong links with Cambridge University providing skilled workers and has good transport links to London and the rest of the UK.
What is a science park
A science park is a group of scientific and technical knowledge-based businesses, located on a single site.
Changing Economic and Industrial Teesside : Business Parks; Cobalt Business Park
Cobalt Business Park is the UK largest business park, located in Newcastle upon Tyne.
250 acre site close to Newcastle city centre
It is close to the A1 and 20 minutes from an international airport.
Rents are as low to try and attract businesses to the area.
A lot of the businesses are energy companies
What is a business park
A business park is an area of land that contains a cluster of different businesses, often located on the edges of towns and cities. This is because land is cheaper there, and more land is available
Rural Changes
Britain is experiencing counter-urbanisation where people move to the countryside in search of a better quality of life away from pollution and overcrowding.
This causes commuter villages (e.g. Sevenoaks): people live close to their work but drive there by car. This can lead to benefits for the villages or drawbacks:
Rural changes : Growth; Sevenoaks
Good links to London and the countryside
A wealth of Private and state schools
Lots of amenities: Shops, restaurants and theatres. Green areas are accessible (Knole Park)
