Physical Evidence

Question 1

Physical Evidence

Answer 1

Any object that can establish that a crime has or has not taken place or can link a crime to its victim/perpetrator

Question 2

Physical/trace evidences

Answer 2

Body fluids, paint, firearms, etc

Question 3

Locard’s Exchange Principle

Answer 3

When two objects come into contact with one anther, there is an exchange of materials between them (Or every contact leaves a trace)

Question 4

Identification and comparison

Answer 4

Identify by determining physical/chemistry characteristics and comparing with a reference material to determine a common origin

Question 5

Class characteristics

Answer 5

Properties of evidence that can be associated with a group but never with a single source. value depends on the probability of the evidence being found elsewhere

Question 6

Product rule

Answer 6

Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring genetic markers to obtain an overall frequency of occurrence for a genetic profile

Question 7

Individual Characteristics

Answer 7

Properties of evidence that can be attributed to a common source with an extreme degree of certainty.

Question 8

Standard/reference sample

Answer 8

Physical evidence whose origin is known

Question 9

Substrate control

Answer 9

Uncontaminated surface material close to an area where physical evidence has been deposited. Used to ensure that the surface on which a sample has been deposited does not interfere with lab tests