Phys Med #1

Question 1

what’s the correct order for range of motion testing?

Answer 1

• active ROM
• passive ROM
• resisted ROM

Question 2

when testing ROM always start with…

Answer 2

the unaffected/non-painful side of patient

Question 3

describe AROM

Answer 3

active ROM
- performed by the patient
- will test: contractile, nervous and inert tissues that are moved

Question 4

describe PROM

Answer 4

passive ROM
- performed by the examiner while the patient is relaxed
- usually normal, full range, and pain free, with possibly some pain at the end of ROM when contractile or nervous tissue is stretched

Question 5

what is end feel

Answer 5

the sensation that the examiner feels in the joint as it reaches the end of ROM
- overpressure is applied at the end of ROM to determine end feel

Question 6

describe RROM

Answer 6

resisted ROM
- finds problem in contractile tissues
- always done with patient in neutral position so that minimal tension is placed on the inert tissue
- the patient is asked to contract the muscle as strongly as possible while the examiner resists for a few seconds to prevent any movement from occurring

Question 7

what are the grades of the ROM

Answer 7

0-zero - no evidence of muscle contraction
1-trace - evidence of slight muscular contraction; no joint motion evident
2-poor - complete ROM with some assistance and gravity eliminated
3-fair - complete ROM against gravity with no resistance
4-good - complete ROM against gravity with some resistance
5-normal - complete ROM against gravity with full resistance

Question 8

what are the 3 views to assess posture?

Answer 8

anterior, lateral, and posterior

Question 9

definition of gait analysis

Answer 9

manner or style of walking

Question 10

when does examination of gait begin?

Answer 10

as soon as the patient enter the room

Question 11

what are the 2 phases to the normal walking cycle

Answer 11

stance phase and swing phase

Question 12

what is the stance phase

Answer 12

when the foot is on the ground (60% of gait cycle)

Question 13

what is the swing phase

Answer 13

when the foot is moving forward (40% of gait cycle)

Question 14

what is arthogenic gait

Answer 14

• stiff hip or knee
• results from stiffness, laxity, or deformity, and it may be painful or painless

Question 15

what is ataxic gait

Answer 15

• stagger gait with exaggerated movements
• patient presents with poor sensation or lacks muscle coordination, poor balance, and a wide broad bas stance
• results usually from damage to the cerebellum

Question 16

what is gluteus maximus gait

Answer 16

• backward lurch of the trunk
• results from a weak gluteus maximus
• patient thrusts the thorax posteriorly at heel strike to maintain hip extension of the stance leg

Question 17

what is Trendelenburg’s gait (gluteus Medius gait)

Answer 17

• results from weak glutes med/minimus
• during the stance phase, patient exhibits an excessive lateral liftwhere the thorax moves to keep centre of gravity over the stance leg

Question 18

what is hemiplegic gait?

Answer 18

• presents as a swinging of the paraplegic leg outward and ahead in a circle or pushes it ahead. also, the affected upper limb is carried across the trunk for balance

Question 19

what is parkinsonian gait (festinated gait)

Answer 19

• neck, trunk, and knees are flexed
• there is a SHUFFLING or rapid short steps
• arms are held stiffly and patient may lean forward and walk progressively faster as though unable to stop

Question 20

what is scissors gait?

Answer 20

• result of spastic paralysis of the hip adductor muscles
• causes the knees to be drawn together so that the legs can be swung forward only with great effort

Question 21

what is steppage or drop foot gait

Answer 21

• result from weak or paralyzed dorsiflexor muscles
• to avoid dragging the toes against the ground, the patient lifts the knee higher than normal
• for initial contact, the foot SLAPS on the ground