Microbiology: Infectious agents of URT Flashcards
what is the conducting zone?
a network of interconnecting cavities and tubes outside and inside the lungs
what filter, warm, moisten the air that goes into the body
the conducting zones
what is the respiratory zone
consists of everywhere gas exchange takes place
lower respiratory system is ? of resident microbiota
free
what are the normal microbiomes of the pharynx and nasal cavity
- Haemophilus Spp.
- Veillonella Spp.
- Staphylococcus Spp.
- Diphtheroids
- Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci
is Haemophilus Species gram positive or gram negative
gram negative
What shape are the Haemophilus Spp.
Pleomorphic
T or F: Haemophilus Spp. are not really picky eaters
False, they are Fastidious
The Haemophilus Spp. requires one or both of these key growth factors in order to live which are
- X factor (Hemin)
- V factor (NAD+)
what is an opportunistic pathogen for Haemophilus Spp.
H. influenzae
H. influenzae needs what to survive?
both the growth factors to survive
Veillonella Spp. is gram negative or gram positive
Gram negative
Veillonella Spp. are potent ? and potent ?
Potent lactate fermenters and potent Nitrate reducers
what is an opportunistic pathogen of Veillonella Spp.
Veillonella Parvula
Staphlococcus Spp. is gram positive or gram negative
gram positive
what is an opportunistic pathogen of staphlococcus Spp.
Staphylococcus aureus
is alpha-hemolytic streptococci gram positive or gram negative
gram positive
what is the pros of upper respiratory microbiome
it limits infection
what is the cons of upper respiratory microbiome
opportunistic pathogens abound
what is the causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis
streptococcus pyogenes
what are the virulence factors of streptococcus pyogenes
- M protein (C3b inhibitor)
- Hyaluronic acid capsule
- Streptokinase
- C5a peptidase
- Pyrogenic (erythrogenic) toxins
- Streptolysin O - this lyses blood cells
what is a treatment option of strep throat
penicillin
what are some additional issues that comes with strep throat
scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
what is the causative agent of diptheria?
corynebacterium diptheriae
what are the sign/symptoms of diptheria
- Sore throat, localized pain, fever
- Oozing of a fluid
- Fluid thickens into pseudomembrane
what is the key virulence factor of diptheria
diphtheria toxin (AB toxin)
what are some treatment options for diptheria
- Use antitoxin
- Use antibiotics (erythromycin)
- Vaccination! (DTaP vaccine)
what is the most common human disease
common cold
what are some common cold pathogens
- rhinovirus
- adenovirus
- coronavirus
- herpsviruses
what is a protein that is found on the surface of the respiratory epithelium and is a receptor for the rhinovirus
ICAM-1
the severity of rhinoviruses seems to relate to ?
serotypes
what are the 3 serotypes and their severity
○ HRV-B - less severe and less frequent
○ HRV- A/C - more severe, effects vary from country-country
what is the causative agent of mononucleosis
human herpesvirus 4 aka Epstein-Barr Virus
for mononucleosis, it infects B lymphocytes, can become latent and prevents ? in these cells
apoptosis
