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BMS 150 > Immunology 7 > Flashcards

Immunology 7 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the transcription factor for Th2?

A

GATA-3

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2
Q

What is the major polarizing cytokine that transform a naive Th into a Th2?

A

IL-4

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3
Q

what are the Th2 effector functions?

A
  • Production of IgE
  • Secretion of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
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4
Q

what cytokine increases the production of IgE

A

IL-13

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5
Q

which cytokine aids eosinophil activity and migration

A

IL-5

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6
Q

Review: TH1 cells secrete ? which stimulates class switching to ?

A

IFN-y and IgG

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7
Q

Review: TGF-beta and retinoic acid seem to stimulate class switching to ?

A

IgA

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8
Q

Review: TH2 cells secrete ? which stimulates class switching to ?

A

IL-4 and IL-5
IgE

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9
Q

what is the function of IgE

A

Binds to cells with an Fc receptor for IgE triggering degranulation of granulocytes

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10
Q

what are claudins?

A

Trans-membrane proteins that can act as channels for small molecules

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11
Q

what are occludins

A

trans-membrane protein, function not clear

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12
Q

what are junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)

A

trans-membrane protein that may mediate permeability to larger molecules

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13
Q

what are ZO proteins

A

important in tight junction formation, interact with the cytoskeleton

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14
Q

what are the functions of filaggrin

A

helps compact keratin and attracts water, aiding in skin moisturization

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15
Q

mast cells are derived from ?

A

granulocyte-monocyte progenitors

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16
Q

what are the signals that promote survival and migration of mast cells

A

-high circulating IgE
- IL-4, IL-33

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17
Q

what inhibits the survival of mast cells

A

IFN-y

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18
Q

where do mast cells live in

A

connective tissue, layers of barrier

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19
Q

mast cells express the Fc receptor for ?

A

IgE

20
Q

when antigen binds to IgE which is attached to the mast cell membrane ->

A

degranulation

21
Q

the mast cell express many PRRs like TLRs, NLRs, C-type lectins and when they are activated, what occur

A

degranulation

22
Q

explain mast cell activity sequentially

A
  1. Mast cells are recruited into tissue
  2. become sensitized
  3. a stimulus causes degranulation, resulting in an acute response
  4. over time, one of 3 options
    • Full resolution and tissue resumes normal appearance and function
    • Mast cells express “pro-fibrotic” growth factors -> repair or fibrosis
    • The tissue develops features of type II inflammation
23
Q

Mast cells are major players in the network of events known as ?

A

Type II inflammation

24
Q

Mast cells aren’t always ?

A

“pro-inflammatory”

25
Q

what is the major cytokine that induces proliferation and activation of eosinophils?

A

IL-5

26
Q

what promotes eosinophils to migrate from blood into peripheral tissues

A

Eotaxin

27
Q

are eosinophils short-lived cells or long-lived cells?

A

short-lived cells

28
Q

what is the major basic protein/major component of granules in eosinophil granule contents?

A

cationic protein

29
Q

what are the functions of the cationic protein

A
  • Toxic to bacterial and eukaryotic cells – increases membrane permeability
  • Cause activation, degranulation of mast cells and can activate complement
30
Q

Eosinophils also have the Fc receptor for ?

A

IgE

31
Q

Eosinophils do not enter the barrier immune response until

A

“called in” and activated

32
Q

what are the 3 major types of innate lymphoid cells

A

NK cells
“resident” ILCS
NKT cells

33
Q

what are the types of “resident” ILCS

A

Type 1 ILCs
Type 2 ILCs
Type 3 ILCs

34
Q

type 1 ILCS secrete cytokines such as ?

A

IFN-y and TNF-a -> pushes the barrier into a “type 1” response and favours the development of Th1 cells

35
Q

type 2 ILCS secrete cytokines such as?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 -> “pushes” the barrier into a “type 2” response and favours the development of Th2 cells

36
Q

type 3 ILCS secrete cytokines such as?

A

IL-17, IFN-y -> effective against extracellular bacteria, also contribute to lymphoid tissue development at the barrier

37
Q

ILCs are derived from the ?

A

lymphoid lineage

38
Q

what activates ILC1 cells?

A

IL-12

38
Q

what activates ILC2 cells

A

alarmins

39
Q

what are alarmins?

A

Basically, early-release cytokines from the cells at the border of the inside and outside world, elicit Th2 responses

40
Q

ILC2 alarmins:

A

○ IL-25
○ IL-33
○ TSLP = thymic stromal lymphopoietin

41
Q

what are keratinocytes

A

water-proof barrier that prevents movement of antigens/microbes into the dermis

42
Q

what does keratinocytes secrete?

A

psoriasin and cathelicidins

43
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

specialized dendritic cells found in the epidermis that extend processes between keratinocytes

44
Q

what do NALT include?

A

tonsils and adenoids

45
Q

what’s the most common cause of atopic dermatitis?

A

filaggrin abnormalities

46
Q

influenza invades the respiratory epithelial cell by binding to the ?

A

glycocalyx

BMS 150 (15 decks)

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