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Y2S1 > PHYS Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland - Week 11 > Flashcards

PHYS Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland - Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Position of the pituitary gland compared to the hypothalamus and how are these two structures connected?

A

Pit. inf. to hypo.
Connected by pit. stalk/infundibulum.

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2
Q

2 x lobes of the pit. gland?

A
  • Anterior lobe – adenohypophysis/anterior pit.
  • Posterior lobe – neurohypophysis/posterior pit.
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3
Q

2 x regions of the hypothalamus & state what they secrete and where these secretions travel to and/or are stored?

A
  • Supraoptic nuclei (SON) – secretes vasopressin/ADH
  • Paraventricular nuclei (PVN) – magnocellular neurons secrete oxytocin & parvocellular neurons produce releasing factors into median eminence.
    These hormones are transported down axons & stored in Herring bodies.
  • Parvocellular nuclei – secretes hypophysiotropic hormones incl corticotropin-releasing, thyrotropin-releasing, somatostatin, GHRH, donadotropin-releasing, dopamine.
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4
Q

What is the effect of hypophysiotropic hormone secretion?

A

Hypophysiotropic hormone -> stimulates anterior pit. hormone release via hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal circulatory system -> stimulates endocrine gland -> synthesises & releases particular hormone -> target organ.

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5
Q

What hypothalamic hormone mediates anterior pit. secretion of LH & FSH?

A

GnRH - gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

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6
Q

What is the target organ of LH & FSH?

A

Gonads.

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7
Q

What hypothalamic hormone mediates anterior pit. secretion of GH?

A

GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone
& SST - somatostatin hormone.

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8
Q

What is the effect of GnRH hypothalamic release?

A

Increased LH & FSH secretion.

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9
Q

What is the effect of GHRH hypothalamic release?

A

Increased GH secretion.

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10
Q

What is the effect of SST hypothalamic release?

A

Decreased GH secretion.

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11
Q

What is the target organ of GH?

A

Liver & other tissues.

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12
Q

What hypothalamic hormone mediates the release of TSH?

A

TRH.

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13
Q

What is the effect of TRH hypothalamic release?

A

Increased TSH secretion.

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14
Q

What hypothalamic hormone inhibits the release of prolactin?

A

Dopamine.

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15
Q

What hypothalamic hormone mediates the release of prolactin?

A

Dopamine.

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16
Q

What is the effect of hypothalamic dopamine release?

A

Decreased prolactin secretion.

17
Q

What is the target organ of prolactin?

A

Breasts.

18
Q

What hypothalamic hormone mediates the release of ACTH?

A

CRH - corticotropin-releasing hormone.

19
Q

What is the effect of hypothalamic CRH release?

A

Increased ACTH secretion.

20
Q

What is the target organ of ACTH?

A

Adrenal cortex.

21
Q

What is the stimulating factor of prolactin?

A

Still under investigation to date.

22
Q

Half life of GH. Change when bound to protein.

A

GH circulates free in plasma w half life of 10-20mins.
40% GH is bound to GHBP (binding protein) – increases half life.

23
Q

What is the effect of GHRH on GH release?

A

GH releasing hormone stimulates GH release.

24
Q

What is the effect of somatostatin on GH release?

A

Inhibits GH release.

25
Q

What factors enhance GH secretion?

A
  • Sleep
  • Exercise
  • Stress
  • Post-prandial decline in glucose
  • Increase in specific amino acids.
26
Q

What factors inhibit GH secretion?

A
  • Postprandial hyperglycaemia
  • Elevated free fatty acids
  • Elevated IGF-1
  • Aging
27
Q

How does GH cause growth & metabolism?

A

GH binds to target cell receptors -> activates JAK2 & Src family kinases -> initiate intracellular signalling cascades -> regulates gene transcription -> growth & metabolism.

28
Q

Effects of GH via IGF-1

A

Increases height via promotion of bone lengthening & mineralisation.
Increased muscle mass via protein synthesis stimulation.
Internal organ growth stimulation (excl. brain).

29
Q

Effects of GH independent of IGF-1

A

Promotes lipolysis
Reduces muscle & fat uptake of glucose
Increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.

30
Q

How are IGFs transported in blood?

A

BPs.

Y2S1 (72 decks)

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