ANAT GIT - Week 4 (incl. ANAT Workbook) Flashcards
Classification & appearance of the mucosal folds in the small intestine.
Plicae circulares. Complete circular folds.
Classification & appearance of the mucosal folds in the large intestine.
Haustral folds. Incomplete circular folds.
Classify the caecum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intra.
Classify the transverse colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intra.
Classify the sigmoid colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intra.
Classify the rectum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Retro.
Classify the ascending colon as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Secondary.
Classify the descending colon as intra, retro or secondarily retro?
Secondary.
What is the peritoneal cavity and what does it typically contain in a healthy person?
Space btw parietal & visceral layers of peritoneum. Contains small amount of peritoneal fluid.
Vertebral level of the transpyloric plane.
L1 - midway btw jugular notch & border of pubic symphysis.
Vertebral level of Addison’s plane.
L1 - midway btw jugular notch & border of pubic symphysis.
Ascites
Build up of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
What ligaments compose the lesser omentum of the stomach?
Hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments.
Describe common hepatic artery development to proper hepatic artery.
Common hepatic artery - origin aorta & becomes proper hepatic artery after branching to supply the gastro-duodenal artery.
Vertebral level of the liver
T9/10-L1/2
Vertebral level of the stomach
T7-L3
Vertebral level of the spleen
T9-T12
Vertebral level of the kidneys
T12-L3
Vertebral level of the esophagus
T11
Vertebral level of the pyloric sphincter
L1
Vertebral level of the rectosigmoid junction
L3
Lowest part of the peritoneal cavity in the supine position of someone with or without a uterus.
Subphrenic recess
Morrison’s pouch/hepatorenal recess
Rectovesical pouch (males) & rectouterine pouch (females)
What innervates parietal peritoneum?
Somatic nerves.
What innervates visceral peritoneum?
Autonomic nerves.
Why does abdominal rigidity indicate peritonitis?
Increased fluid & WBC in peritoneal cavity -> swelling & irritation of peritoneum -> tensed abdominal muscles -> guarding/protective mechanism.
Describe somatic pain
Sharp, localised pain felt in the skin, muscles and other tissues.
Triggers of somatic pain
Trauma, surgery, inflammation.
Describe visceral pain
Deep, dull ache felt in internal organs.
Triggers of visceral pain.
Infection, ischaemia, inflammation.
Stomach pain can refer to
Epigastric region, lower chest, upper back.
Gallbladder pain can refer to
Upper R shoulder, back, R abdo
Kidney pain can refer to
Flanks, lower back
Ureter pain can refer to
Lower groin.
What events occur at the transpyloric plane?
L1
Pylorus, pancreatic neck, duodenojejunal flexure, fundus of the gall bladder, kidney hila, portal vein origin, transverse mesocolon, 2nd part duodenum, SMA origin, hila of the spleen, termination of the SC.
What part of the oesophagus does coffee affect and what is the likely consequence?
LOS. Heartburn.
Name of appendiges coming off large intestine.
Epiploid appendiges (fatty).
State what causes the cystic duct to fill
Fills as the pancreatic sphincter/sphincter of Oddi closes.
Describe the location and function of the hepatic portal vein
Sits on top of the IVC. Carries nutrient-rich blood from the intestine, gall bladder, pancreas & spleen -> liver.
Describe the function of hepatic veins.
Carry deoxy. blood from liver -> vena cava.
Compare and contrast the structure of the jejunum & ileum
Jejunum - arcs formed by arcuate fibres are smaller & shorter w larger vasorecta (straight vessels) => thicker walls with increased folds for max SA:V & absorption.
Ileum - arc formed by arcuate fibres are bigger & longer w smaller vasorecta => thinner walls.
What artery does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
Proper hepatic a.
Classify the oesophagus as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Retro.
Classify the stomach as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intra.
Classify the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th parts of the duodenum as intra, retro or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intra, secondarily retro (2nd & 3rd), intra.
