Phylogeny Taxonomy Systematics

Question 1

Caldogenesis

Answer 1

Branding point is speciation

New species go on to speculate

Promoted bio diversity while extinctions reduces number of species

Question 2

Branching pattern can be inferred from…

Answer 2

1. Morphological, biochemical, behavioral, and genetic features
2. DNA sequence
3. Fossil record and biogeography
4. Shared characters (homologies) passed down from common ancestor are used to construct

Question 3

Homolgy

Answer 3

Shared characters inherited from a common ancestor

-a pattern of loss and acquisition of characters and subsequent passing down traits to descender species can be mapped on a tree

Question 4

Apomorphy

Plesiomorphy

Synapomorphy

Answer 4

An evolutionary novelty for a group

An evolutionary primitive state

A novel (and derived) trait that a group has inherited because common ancestor had a novel characteristic and passed it on

Question 5

Homoplasy

Answer 5

Occurs when traits are similar for the reasons other than common ancestor. A chanrscrer has evolved more than once in diff species

Caused by convergent evolution (diff species are subject to similar selective pressures)

Question 6

Clade

Answer 6

Group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and all of its decedents

-smallest clade is species according to phylogenic species concept