Buodiversity Part 2

Question 1

Protozoa

Answer 1

• unicellular protist
• sources of protein for many fish and invertebrates
• helps control bacteria and other protozoans decompose dead plants and animals

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Question 2

Plants

Answer 2

From ancestors resembling green algae

-evolutionary events: vascular tissues, pollen and seeds, and flowers

Question 3

Bryophytes

Answer 3

• no vascular tissue, seeds or flowers

- materials move from cell to cell within the plant by diffusion and osmosis

Question 4

Vascular plants (seedless)

Answer 4

• ferns example
• vascular tissue: transports water and nutrients in the plants, allowed plant to grow taller (competition in struggle for light)

Question 5

Vascular plants (with seeds)

Answer 5

• gymnosperms, pine example
• seeds: dormant, protected plant embryos with a nutrient supply was also adaptive
• seeds might travel far from the parent and only germinate when conditions are favorable

Question 6

Vascular plants (with flowers and fruits)

Answer 6

• angiosperms, flowering plants

- recent origin of flowers and fruits introduced new reproductive adaptations

Question 7

Flowers

Answer 7

• produce pollen and eggs, wind or animals usually carry pollen from plant to plant
• fruits protect the seeds and disperse them to new habitats

Question 8

Animal common features

Answer 8

• multicellular bodies
• eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls
• hetertrophic by ingestion

Question 9

Animals branching point

Answer 9

1st point: a clade with true tissues or no tissue

2nd: distinguishes radially symmetrical from bilaterally symmetrical animals. Same point also two embryonic germ layers from animals with three
3rd: embryonic development mouth arising
- body cavity org of digestive tract and degmentation also characterize

Question 10

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 10

Radial: any plane passing through body from mouth to opposite end creates mirror images

Bilateral: if only one plane can divide animal into mirror images

Question 11

Gastrula

Answer 11

In all phyla except sponges, embryonic ball of cells called blastula folds in on itself forming a gastrula

-some only develops two tissue layers (endo and ecto) others a third (meso)

Question 12

Fishes

Answer 12

• aquatic vertebrates with jaws. Gills. Fins

- first chordates with vertebrate which protect spinal cord

Question 13

Amphibians

Answer 13

• live on land and water

- lungs and limbs facilitate move to land. Their eggs must remain moist, tetrapods retain a strong link to water

Question 14

Amniotes

Answer 14

• egg broke the tie to water
• allows reptiles and mammals to breed in dry habitats
• reptiles egg has s leathery hard outer layer surrounding a yolk that nourishes

Question 15

Reptiles

Answer 15

• first vertebrates to thrive on dry land

- and birds lay amniotic eggs and thrive on dry

Question 16

Mammals

Answer 16

• warm furry and milk drinkers

- amniotes with hair and milk-secreting mammary glands