Biodiversity

Question 1

Origin of life:
Experiments by Stanley miller and Harold Urey proved Oparins hypothesis

Stromalites

Answer 1

Discovery of stromatolites proved had life originated in hydrothermal vent areas

Stromatolites: layers mounds,columns and sheet like sedimentary rocks formed by Cyanobacteria

Question 2

Stanley miller and Urey experiments

Answer 2

• simulated earths early atomsophete
• produced all 20 amino acids
• sugars, lipids, and even ATP
• key organic molecules are critical to life

Question 3

Prokaryotes

Answer 3

Three most common shapes are coccus(spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillum (spiral)

Question 4

Proteobacteria

Answer 4

• E coli and salmonella are types
• diverse group that inc photoautorrophs, chemautotrophs, and heterotrophs
• myxobacteria (gliding soil bacteria that produce fruiting bodies under conditions of starvation
• travel in groups (swarm like wolf packs) containing many cells to prey
• produce antibiotics
• ancestor to mitochondria

Question 5

Cyanobacteria

Answer 5

Were the first to release oxygen gas as a by-product of photosynthesis, creating ozone layer that shielded ultra violet rays

-others are sulfur bacteria(anoxogenic photosynthesis: don’t produce O2)

Question 6

Spirochetes

Answer 6

• most distinctive bacteria that move by a spiraling corkscrew motion
• free living or parasitic
• syphilis and Lymes

Question 7

Domain archae

Answer 7

Collectively called extremophiles (extremee habitat)often live in places lack oxygen or is extremly hot, salty or acidic

-some live moderate environments

Question 8

Origin of eukaryotes

Answer 8

• many organelles might have resulted from membrane infolding
• mito and chloroplasts originated as free living bacteria engulfed by other microbes

Question 9

Endosymbiosis

Answer 9

Explains origin of mito and chloroplasts
-free living bacteria engulfed by other microbe

-genes moved from new organelle to host cells, so captured microorganisms lost availing to live on their own.

Question 10

Multicellularity

Answer 10

• result of cooperation
• gave rise to variety of body sizes and forms. Introducing new evolutionary possibilities and opening new habitats for org.

Question 11

Algae

Answer 11

-protist: simplest eukaryotes

-are aquatic, photosyhtetic
Ex:
-diatoms:silica cell walls abundant in all moist habit
-brown algae: large, multicellular, protests. Kelps all largest types
-green: diverse group many similarities to land plants

Question 12

Water molds

Answer 12

• protists

- decomposers and parasites of plants and animals

Question 13

Slime molds

Answer 13

-protist
-exist as single cells or large masses hat behave like a multicellular org.
(Protozoa heterotrophic and motile and one celled)

Question 14

Fungi

Answer 14

• major clade
• heterotrophs: typically digest food extracellulary and absorb it as opposed to animals
• multicellular but can be unicellular called yeasts
• decomposers, parasites mutualists and commensals

Diseases
-athelets foot: caused by ascomycots. These dematrophs prefer to live in layers of dead skin

• candidias: over growth of candidia albicans a unicellular ascomycot yeast
• beer wine and bread metabolic activity to domesticated yeasts
• in domestication: many strains have been selectively bred to ferment particular beverages