Phylogeny of the Eukarya

Question 1

What is used to infer the phylogeny of eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Sequencing of 18s rRNA genes

Question 2

Relationship between 18S rRNA genes is _____for eukaryotes than 16S rRNA genes is for prokaryotes.

Answer 2

weaker

Question 3

6 supergroups of Eukaryotes?

Answer 3

• Archaeplastida
• Rhizaria
• Chromalveolata
• Excarata
• Amoebozoa
• Opisthokontha

Question 4

green algae and red algae are part of what supergroup?

Answer 4

Archaeplastide

Question 5

Green algae are also called

Answer 5

chlorophytes

Question 6

Green Algae are closely related to?

Answer 6

plants

Question 7

Most green algae where to do inhabit ?

Answer 7

freshwater,some marine or terrestrial

Question 8

green algae what kind of cell?

Answer 8

unicellular(usually flagellated) or multicellular

Question 9

green algae what kind of reproduction?

Answer 9

sexual,asexual

Question 10

endolithic algae where do they grow?

Answer 10

inside porous rocks

Question 11

Red algae are also called

Answer 11

rhodophytes

Question 12

where do red algae usually live?

Answer 12

mostly marine,some freswater or terrestrial

Question 13

the red color from read algae comes from?

Answer 13

phycoerythrin an acessory pigment

Question 14

at greater depth, what happens in red algae?

Answer 14

more phycoerythrin is produced

Question 15

most species of multicellular or unicellular are what?

Answer 15

most multicellulare but some are still unicellular

Question 16

Who is unicellular?

Answer 16

Galdieria,

Question 17

where does Galdieria lives?

Answer 17

lives in acidic hot springs

Question 18

What’s the primary endosymbiosis?

Answer 18

• Give rise to mitochondrion

- to choloroplast in the common ancestor of green algae,red algae,plants

Question 19

What’s the secondary endosymbiosis?

Answer 19

entire green algal/ red algal cells were engulfed and their chloroplast retained

Question 20

Primary endosymbiosis is the process in which?

Answer 20

a eukaryote engulfs another living prokaryote

Question 21

Secondary endosymbioses is the process in which?

Answer 21

when a eukaryote cell engulfs another eukaryote cell that has undergone primary endosymbiosis.

Question 22

Which one are we studying from the excavata super group?

Answer 22

• Diplomonads

- Parabasalids

Question 23

diplomonads/Parabasalids are unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 23

unicellular

Question 24

diplomonads/Parabasalids do they have flagella?

Answer 24

Yes, they are flagellated

Question 25

diplomonads/Parabasalids what do they lack?

Answer 25

Chloroplasts

Question 26

diplomonads/Parabasalids where do they live?

Answer 26

anoxic habitats

Question 27

Diplomonads have___nuclei of___ size

Answer 27

- two | - equal

Question 28

diplomonads have something degenerated from mitochondria?

Answer 28

mitosomes

Question 29

key genera of diplomonads ?

Answer 29

Gardia ( cause giardiasis)

Question 30

Parabasalids contain a ___body?

Answer 30

parabasal (structural support to the golgi complex)

Question 31

Parabasalids Lack?

Answer 31

mitochondria

Question 32

Parabasalids lack mitochondria but they have?

Answer 32

hydrogenosomes for anaeroic metabolism

Question 33

Where do Parabasalids live?

Answer 33

in the intestinal and urogenital tracts of animals as parasites or symbionts

Question 34

key genera of Parabasalids?

Answer 34

Trichomonas

Question 35

Amitochondriate eukaryotes?

Answer 35

Eukaryotes that lack a mitochondria

Question 36

Eukaryotes that lack a mitochondria have instead?

Answer 36

- Mitosome | - Hydrogenosome

Question 37

mitosome are what6

Answer 37

-reduced form of mitochondrion(derived from)

Question 38

what enzymes the mitosome don't have?

Answer 38

- enzymes of the TCA cycle | - no respiratory chain

Question 39

mitosomes (diplomonads) are involved in ?

Answer 39

-maturation of iron-sulfur clusters

Question 40

Hydrogenosome(Parabasalids) are present in ?

Answer 40

present in eukaryotes whose metabolism is strictly fermentative

Question 41

hydrogenosome carries out what?

Answer 41

carries out the oxidation of pyruvate | to H2, CO2 and acetate

Question 42

what can also be present in those that have hydrogenosome?

Answer 42

H2- | consuming endosymbiotic archaea(methane-producing)

Question 43

those H2- | consuming endosymbiotic archaea are called?

Answer 43

methanogens

Question 44

those metanogen are due to ?

Answer 44

primary endosymbiosis

Question 45

Some species of protists are able to differentiate into cysts, becoming __

Answer 45

encysted

Question 46

Cysts are similar to the endospores produced

Answer 46

prokaryotes

Question 47

what does this cell does?

Answer 47

- Protect the cells against deleterious environmental conditions. - Survive long periods of starvation and/or desiccation. - Survive infection by prokaryotes.