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chem > Phylogeny of the Eukarya > Flashcards

Phylogeny of the Eukarya Flashcards

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1
Q

What is used to infer the phylogeny of eukaryotes?

A

Sequencing of 18s rRNA genes

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2
Q

Relationship between 18S rRNA genes is _____for eukaryotes than 16S rRNA genes is for prokaryotes.

A

weaker

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3
Q

6 supergroups of Eukaryotes?

A
  • Archaeplastida
  • Rhizaria
  • Chromalveolata
  • Excarata
  • Amoebozoa
  • Opisthokontha
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4
Q

green algae and red algae are part of what supergroup?

A

Archaeplastide

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5
Q

Green algae are also called

A

chlorophytes

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6
Q

Green Algae are closely related to?

A

plants

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7
Q

Most green algae where to do inhabit ?

A

freshwater,some marine or terrestrial

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8
Q

green algae what kind of cell?

A

unicellular(usually flagellated) or multicellular

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9
Q

green algae what kind of reproduction?

A

sexual,asexual

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10
Q

endolithic algae where do they grow?

A

inside porous rocks

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11
Q

Red algae are also called

A

rhodophytes

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12
Q

where do red algae usually live?

A

mostly marine,some freswater or terrestrial

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13
Q

the red color from read algae comes from?

A

phycoerythrin an acessory pigment

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14
Q

at greater depth, what happens in red algae?

A

more phycoerythrin is produced

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15
Q

most species of multicellular or unicellular are what?

A

most multicellulare but some are still unicellular

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16
Q

Who is unicellular?

A

Galdieria,

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17
Q

where does Galdieria lives?

A

lives in acidic hot springs

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18
Q

What’s the primary endosymbiosis?

A
  • Give rise to mitochondrion

- to choloroplast in the common ancestor of green algae,red algae,plants

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19
Q

What’s the secondary endosymbiosis?

A

entire green algal/ red algal cells were engulfed and their chloroplast retained

20
Q

Primary endosymbiosis is the process in which?

A

a eukaryote engulfs another living prokaryote

21
Q

Secondary endosymbioses is the process in which?

A

when a eukaryote cell engulfs another eukaryote cell that has undergone primary endosymbiosis.

22
Q

Which one are we studying from the excavata super group?

A
  • Diplomonads

- Parabasalids

23
Q

diplomonads/Parabasalids are unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

24
Q

diplomonads/Parabasalids do they have flagella?

A

Yes, they are flagellated

25
Q

diplomonads/Parabasalids what do they lack?

A

Chloroplasts

26
Q

diplomonads/Parabasalids where do they live?

A

anoxic habitats

27
Q

Diplomonads have___nuclei of___ size

A
  • two

- equal

28
Q

diplomonads have something degenerated from mitochondria?

A

mitosomes

29
Q

key genera of diplomonads ?

A

Gardia ( cause giardiasis)

30
Q

Parabasalids contain a ___body?

A

parabasal (structural support to the golgi complex)

31
Q

Parabasalids Lack?

A

mitochondria

32
Q

Parabasalids lack mitochondria but they have?

A

hydrogenosomes for anaeroic metabolism

33
Q

Where do Parabasalids live?

A

in the intestinal and urogenital tracts of animals as parasites or symbionts

34
Q

key genera of Parabasalids?

A

Trichomonas

35
Q

Amitochondriate eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes that lack a mitochondria

36
Q

Eukaryotes that lack a mitochondria have instead?

A
  • Mitosome

- Hydrogenosome

37
Q

mitosome are what6

A

-reduced form of mitochondrion(derived from)

38
Q

what enzymes the mitosome don’t have?

A
  • enzymes of the TCA cycle

- no respiratory chain

39
Q

mitosomes (diplomonads) are involved in ?

A

-maturation of iron-sulfur clusters

40
Q

Hydrogenosome(Parabasalids) are present in ?

A

present in eukaryotes whose metabolism is strictly fermentative

41
Q

hydrogenosome carries out what?

A

carries out the oxidation of pyruvate

to H2, CO2 and acetate

42
Q

what can also be present in those that have hydrogenosome?

A

H2-

consuming endosymbiotic archaea(methane-producing)

43
Q

those H2-

consuming endosymbiotic archaea are called?

A

methanogens

44
Q

those metanogen are due to ?

A

primary endosymbiosis

45
Q

Some species of protists are able to differentiate into cysts, becoming __

A

encysted

46
Q

Cysts are similar to the endospores produced

A

prokaryotes

47
Q

what does this cell does?

A
  • Protect the cells against deleterious environmental conditions.
  • Survive long periods of starvation and/or desiccation.
  • Survive infection by prokaryotes.

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