Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Final Review > Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

How many organs do flowering plants have?

A

Three or Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of organs make up the body of a plant?

A

-The leaves
-The stem
-The root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or False: Each of these organs make it possible for the plant to live and grow.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the fourth organ in a plant, and what is it in many plants?

A

The reproductive organ, which in many plants, is the flower.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a leaf’s most important job?

A

To provide a large surface area where photosynthesis can take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens if photosynthesis produces more glucose than the leaf needs?

A

The excess is converted into starch and stored in the leaf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the specialized cells of a leaf, which help this organ perform its most important functions. (10 of them)

A

-Cuticle
-Upper Epidermal Cells
-Palisade Tissue Cells
-Vascular Bundle
-Xylem
-Phloem
-Spongy Parenchyma Cells
-Lower Epidermal Cells
-Guard Cells
-Stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the upper surfaces of a leaf made of?

A

A sheet of dermal tissue called the epidermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the cells of the epidermis secrete that helps reduce the amount of water that evaporates from the leaf’s surface?

A

A waxy cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main function of the epidermis?

A

Protection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: Epidermal cells do not perform photosynthesis.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The sunlight passes through the epidermal cells to the ____________ _____.

A

Photosynthesizing cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of tissue is located between the upper and lower surface of a leaf?

A

Mesophyll Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Mesophyll Tissue consist of?

A

Palisade Tissue cells and spongy Parenchyma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What cells are specialized to perform most of the photosynthesis in the leaf?

A

Palisade Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: Palisade cells are arranged in lines that ressemble the long poles used in the walls, or palisades, of old fortresses.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The tops of palisade cells are arranged to meet the Sun’s rays head on, so that the rays pass through the ______ ___ _____ _______.

A

Length of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As the rays of light journey through the cell, they encounter the many __________, _______ __________ _______ ______.

A

Chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: Palisade cells are very active, so they are packed with mitochondria, which perform cellular respiration.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is located below the palisade cells?

A

A layer of spongy parenchyma cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How are parenchyma cells packed?

A

Loosely to form a network with open spaces, like a sponge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do these open spaces contain? (List them)

A

The gases needed or produced by photosynthesis: water vapour, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the lower surface of the leaf made of?

A

An epidermis that is critical for the exchange of gases between the leaf and the outside environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

To allow the gases to move in and out, ______ _______ are scattered across the surface of the leaf.

A

Guard Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do Guard cells do?

A

Change their shape to control the opening and closing of pores in the leaf, which are called stomates or stomata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the stomata connected to?

A

The open spaces in the spongy parenchyma cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Guard cells and stomata play a significant role in ____________.

A

Transpiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Transpiration Definition

A

The evaporation of water from leaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What enters through these pores and exits through them?

A

Carbon dioxide enters through these pores, and oxygen and water vapour exit through them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

True or False: In every cell with chloroplasts, photosynthesis is occurring.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

Light energy from the Sun combines with carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to produce glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chemical Equation that shows products and reactants of Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy (arrow) C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is Glucose?

A

A carbohydrate used by both plant and animal cells as a source of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

True or False: Animals eat to acquire glucose and other food molecules, but most plants must make their own.

A

True

35
Q

Oxygen gas is a product of ____________ and, as you know, is essential for _________ _________ in both plants and animals.

A

Photosynthesis; Cellular Respiration

36
Q

What is the process called by which mitochondria in cells release energy from glucose?

A

Cellular Respiration

37
Q

True or False: Cellular Respiration requires oxygen in order to occur. (Include real life connection)

A

True-This is why we must breathe in air, which contains oxygen.

38
Q

As well as releasing energy, the process of cellular respiration produces ______ _______ as a waste product

A

Carbon Dioxide

39
Q

True or False: We get rid of carbon dioxide and water vapour when we breathe out.

A

True

40
Q

What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 (arrow) 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy that can be used by living things.

41
Q

Why can chloroplasts change their shape and location in a cell?

A

To increase the amount of light they capture.

42
Q

What do chloroplasts contain? What do these things contain?

A

Little sacs called thylakoids, which contain light-trapping chlorophyll molecules.

43
Q

True or False: Thylakoids are the part of a chloroplast where photosynthesis occurs.

A

True

44
Q

How are Thylakoids arranged?

A

In a stack called a granum.

45
Q

What gives plants their green colour?

A

Chlorophyll

46
Q

What allows thylakoids to trap light energy from the Sun?

A

Chlorophyll

47
Q

What is this light energy used for?

A

Photosynthesis, the chemical reaction that produces glucose and oxygen.

48
Q

What are the products and reactants of Photosynthesis?

A

Products: Glucose and Oxygen
Reactants: Carbon Dioxide, Water and Light Energy

49
Q

What are the products and reactants of Cellular Respiration?

A

Products: Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy that can be used by living things.
Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen

50
Q

What are the two main functions of a plant’s stem?

A

Physical Support and Transportation of Water, Nutrients, and Sugar

51
Q

Stems contain most of a plant’s what?

A

Xylem Tissue

52
Q

What happens as xylem cells grow?

A

They form long, straw-like tubes, or vessels.

53
Q

The cells then _______, but their thick cell walls remain behind, forming long fibrous _______ through which _______ can flow.

A

Die; Pipes; Water

54
Q

True or False: Xylem Vessels are hollow

A

True

55
Q

Why are xylem vessels hollow?

A

To provide a relatively easy passage through the plant.

56
Q

What are the dead xylem cells fortified with, which makes them strong, and help keep the plant upright?

A

A hard substance called lignin.

57
Q

Xylem vessels are grouped with _________ vessels in _________ __________.

A

Phloem; Vascular Bundles

58
Q

True or False: Phloem Tissue is also made of vertically stacked tubes.

A

True

59
Q

How can the cell walls of the vertically stacked tubes be described and why?

A

They are porous, which allows materials to be exchanged between the phloem and the neighbouring cells.

60
Q

What do roots do?

A

Anchor a plant to the ground and allow it to take up water and minerals from the soil.

61
Q

In a root, what are the main site of water and mineral absorption?

A

Root Hairs

62
Q

What usually do not contain chlorophyll and can be used by the plant to store starch?

A

Cortex Cells

63
Q

There are lots of _______ between Cortex Cells, through which water and minerals can flow to the _________.

A

Spaces; Endodermis

64
Q

What does the endodermis help control?

A

The transport of minerals between the cortex and the vascular tissues.

65
Q

What is the layer of tissue that surrounds the phloem and xylem?

A

The Pericycle

66
Q

What gives rise to branch roots?

A

The Pericycle

67
Q

Plants like dandelions have ________, one main root that grows larger and thicker than the rest.

A

Taproot

68
Q

What does the taproot do?

A

It allows the plant to reach far underground for water, and anchors the plant firmly in the ground.

69
Q

What type of roots do plants such as grasses have, and what characteristics do these roots have?

A

Fibrous roots, with branches that are all about the same size.

70
Q

True or False: Fibrous roots spread out horizontally near the surface of the soil.

A

True

71
Q

What do Fibrous roots provide the plant with?

A

A large surface area over which water can be taken up from just under the surface of the soil.

72
Q

What else do Fibrous roots do?

A

They stabilize the soil and help to prevent erosion and landslides.

73
Q

Cells/Tissues Involved in Photosynthesis and General Process (Part 1- 3Points)-Upper Epidermal Cells/Palisade Cells

A

-Sunlight passes through a sheet of dermal tissue called the epidermis, whose cells secrete a waxy cuticle to reduce the amount of water that evaporates from leaves, whose main function is protection, which is located on the upper surfaces of the leaf, to the photosynthesizing cells.

-The tops of palisade cells, which are specialized to perform most of the photosynthesis in the leaf, which is what mesophyll tissue consists of, which is located between the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, are arranged to meet the sun’s rays head on, so the rays pass through the length of the cells.

-As the rays journey through the cells, they encounter the many chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place.

74
Q

Cells/Tissues Involved in Photosynthesis and General Process (Part 2-3 Points)-Palisade Cells/Chloroplasts

A

-In chloroplasts, light energy from the Sun combines with carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil to produce glucose.
-Oxygen gas is a product of photosynthesis and is essential for cellular respiration in both plants and animals.
-These palisade cells are very active, so they are packed with mitochondria, which perform cellular respiration.

75
Q

Cells/Tissues Involved in Photosynthesis and General Process (Part 3-3 Points)-Parenchyma Cells

A

-Below the palisade cells is a layer of spongy parenchyma cells.
-They are loosely packed to form a network with open spaces.
-These spaces contain the gases needed or produced by photosynthesis: water vapour, oxygen and carbon dioxide

76
Q

Cells/Tissues Involved in Photosynthesis and General Process (Part 4- 5 Points)-Xylem/Phloem/Vascular Bundles

A

-The centre of the leafs contains xylem and phloem tissue arranged into vascular bundles.
-These vascular bundles form veins that dissect the interior of the leaf at regular intervals.
-At their tips, the vessels meet the open spaces in the parenchyma tissue.
-There, the xylem delivers water, in the form of water vapour, to the photosynthesizing cells, and the phloem picks up sugars that have been produced and delivers them to cells throughout the rest of the plant.
-The small branches of veins ensure that every cell in the leaf is close to a supply of water and nutrients, which essential for the life of the plant.

77
Q

Cells/Tissues Involved in Photosynthesis and General Process (Part 5- 5Points)-Lower Surface/Guard Cells/Stomata

A

-The lower surface of the leaf is made of epidermis that is critical for the exchange of gases between the leaf and outside environment.
-To allow the gases to move in and out, guard cells are scattered across the lower surface of the leaf, which change their shape to control the opening and closing of pores in the leaf, which are called stomata.
-The stomata are connected to the open spaces in the spongy parenchyma cells.
-Guard cells and stomata play a significant role in transpiration.
-Carbon dioxide enters through these pores, and oxygen and water vapour exit through them.

78
Q

Transpiration Definition

A

The evaporation of water from leaves.

79
Q

What can chloroplasts do to increase the amount of light they capture?

A

Their shape and location.

80
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Little sacs, which contain light-trapping chlorophyll molecules.

81
Q

True or False: The part of the chloroplast where photosynthesis occurs are thylakoids.

A

True

82
Q

Thylakoids are arranged in a stack called _________

A

Grana

83
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

The process through which cells perform a series of reactions to convert sugars into energy.

Final Review (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions