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Final Review > Acids and Bases/The pH Scale and Indicators > Flashcards

Acids and Bases/The pH Scale and Indicators Flashcards

1
Q

Acid Definition

A

A compound that produces hydrogen ions, H+ (aq), when dissolved in water.

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2
Q

True or False: Many acids are corrosive, and will react with metals.

A

True

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3
Q

Why do aqueous solutions of acids conduct electric current?

A

Because of the ions present in the solution.

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4
Q

What is the process called when an acid dissolves in water, and it reacts with the water to form ions?

A

Ionization

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5
Q

What is an example of ionization?

A

When hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through and dissolved in water, because it reacts with water to form ions, and then the hydrogen ions and chloride ions separate in solution.

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6
Q

Binary Acid Definition

A

An acid composed of hydrogen and a non-metal/

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7
Q

Oxacid Definition

A

An acid composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and another element.

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8
Q

Base Definition

A

A compound that forms hydroxide ions, OH-(aq), when dissolved in water.

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9
Q

True or False: Most common acids and bases form colourless solutions.

A

True

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10
Q

What does determining the pH of a solution help you tell?

A

Whether an unknown solution contains an acid, a base, or neither.

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11
Q

What is the scale that typically ranges from 0 to 14, which is used to classify solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral?

A

The pH scale

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12
Q

pH Scale Definition

A

A numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 that is used to classify aqueous solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral.

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13
Q

What pH values do acids have?

A

pH values below pH 7.

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14
Q

What does it mean when acids have pH values below pH 7?

A

There are many more hydrogen ions in the solution than hydroxide ions.

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15
Q

True or False: The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is.

A

True

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16
Q

What have pH values above pH 7?

A

Bases

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17
Q

What do bases having pH values above pH 7 mean?

A

There are many more hydroxide ions in the solution than hydrogen ions.

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18
Q

True or False: The higher the pH, the more basic the solution is.

A

True

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19
Q

What type of solution neither acidic nor basic and falls in the middle of the pH scale at pH 7?

A

A neutral solution

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20
Q

What does a neutral solution having a pH of 7 mean?

A

There is the same number of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the solution.

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21
Q

What are some examples of acidic solutions?

A

-Stomach Acid
-Lemon
-Grapes
-Tomato
-Banana
-Milk

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22
Q

What is an example of a neutral solution?

A

-Pure Water

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23
Q

What are some examples of basic solutions?

A

-Eggs
-Baking Soda
-Soap
-Ammonia
-Bleach
-Oven Cleaner

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24
Q

What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?

A

They can neutralize each other.

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25
Q

What is the reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water called?

A

Neutralization

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26
Q

Neutralization Definition

A

The reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.

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27
Q

True or False: Neutralization can be classified as a type of double displacement reaction.

A

True

28
Q

What forms as the hydrogen ions of the acid and the hydroxide ions of the base combine?

A

Water

29
Q

What do the other ions join to form?

A

A salt

30
Q

True or False: Any ionic compound that is neither an acid or a base can be called a salt.

A

True

31
Q

In most cases, the salt formed by a neutralization reaction is soluble in water and will not form a _____________.

A

Precipitate

32
Q

Whether the _______ is added to the ________ or the _______ is added to the _______, the removal of both hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions from solution as they form molecules of water causes the pH of the mixture to approach 7.

A

Acid; Base; Base; Acid

33
Q

What will the resulting solution be if the right amounts of acid and base react?

A

Neutral

34
Q

Complete Practice Questions on Page 223, Page 224 (1-2) and Page 227 (1-2); Questions on Page 228, Page 231 and Page 235; Question 1 on Page 238, and Question 1 on Page 246.

A

Depending on Comfort Level

35
Q

True or False: Acids and bases are two very important classes of chemicals that play an important role in many chemical reactions.

A

True

36
Q

What Latin word does Acid come from, which means sour?

A

Acidus

37
Q

What was one of the earliest uses of bases?

A

Making soap over 5000 years ago in Babylonia

38
Q

Acids react with __________, are _____________, and __________

A

Metals; Corrosive; Conductive

39
Q

True or False: Acids can turn blue litmus paper red and neutralize bases.

A

True

40
Q

Why can Acids be useful in the food industry?

A

Because they act as disinfectants (vinegar and lemon juice) which prevent microorganisms from surviving.

41
Q

True or False: Bases can turn red litmus paper blue and neutralize acids.

A

True

42
Q

What is a Weak Acid, where are they found, and are they safe to handle? (3 points)

A

-Acids that are found in household items such as food, drink, and beauty/skincare products

-It is safe to handle these acids and even taste them, if they are for eating.

-They do not dissociate completely.

43
Q

What is a Strong Acid? ( 2 points)

A
  • Some acids, like those found in a laboratory or a car battery, are very dangerous (too dangerous to touch or taste).

-These acids are said to be strong as they can damage other materials by wearing them away.

44
Q

True or False: Both acids and bases can cause severe chemical burns so never touch or taste any unknown chemical.

A

True

45
Q

When a ____ dissolves in water, the ions separate from one another and hydroxide ions are released into the water in a process called ___________.

A

Base; Dissociation

46
Q

Many metals react with acids. When this happens the metal fizzes as ________ are produced.

A

Bubbles

47
Q

When a metal reacts with an acid, the products are a _______ and hydrogen gas.

A

Salt

48
Q

True or False: The salt produced depends on the metal and type of acid involved in the reaction.

A

True

49
Q

Many acids are able to conduct electricity so they are ___________.

A

Conductive

50
Q

Since acids are covalent compounds, they have no _____ to begin with.

A

Ions

51
Q

But, collisions with __________ ___________ break the acid molecule apart into its respective ions.

A

Water Molecules

52
Q

Bases are substances that conduct electricity and can change the colour of ______ ________ _______

A

Acid-Base Indicators

53
Q

What do Bases feel and taste like?

A

They feel slippery and taste bitter (even though most should not be tasted).

54
Q

What is a Weak Base? (2 Points)

A
  • Bases that are found in soaps and other materials used for cleaning.

-It is safe to handle these bases, which can feel soapy; these are known as weak bases.

55
Q

What is a Strong Base? (2 Points)

A

-Some bases, like those in a laboratory or cleaning materials, are too dangerous to touch.
-These bases are said to be strong because they can burn skin and damage other materials.

56
Q

What does it mean when bases are conductive?

A

They are good conductors of electricity.

57
Q

True or False: Most bases are ionic compounds, so they are made of ions (unlike acids)

A

True

58
Q

Several natural chemicals and many synthetic (human-made) chemicals _____ _______ when they are placed in acidic or basic solutions

A

Change Colour

59
Q

What is a substance that changes its colour depending on the pH of the solution known as?

A

An acid-base indicator

60
Q

True or False: Litmus is a special type of paper treated with a specific indicator that tests for acidity/basicity

A

True

61
Q

What is an electronic pH Meter used for? (2 points)

A

-To determine the pH of a solution.
-These meters use the electrical properties of a solution to determine pH.

62
Q

pH Indicator Definition

A

A substance that changes colour to show the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a solution.

63
Q

True or False: In a neutral solution, neither red nor blue litmus paper changes colour.

A

True

64
Q

To more accurately determine the ____ of. a solution, several indicators that cover the pH range between pH 0 and pH 14 must be used.

A

pH

65
Q

What is universal indicator?

A

A mixture of several indicators that produce a different colour at different pH values.

66
Q

How is the pH paper prepared?

A

By soaking strips of paper in universal indicator and then allowing them to dry?

67
Q

True or False: A drop of solution to be tested in placed on the pH paper. The resulting colour is compared against a colour chart to determine the pH of the solution.

A

True

Final Review (14 decks)

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