Cells and Tissues-Tissues Flashcards
Number of Cells in the Body of a Human
Somewhere between 75 and 100 trillion
Most of the cells in our body are what to perform specific functions?
Specialized
What does a cell being specialized mean?
Certain genes are “turned off.”
What are the 3 main factors that influence cell differentiation?
- The Contents of the Cytoplasm.
- Environmental Conditions
- Influence of Neighbouring Cells
How do the contents of the cytoplasm affect cell specialization? (2 Points) (Include example too)
-The contents of each cytoplasm may vary from cell to cell.
-For example, cells with more vacuoles will allow the cell to use more energy as it grows.
How do environmental conditions affect cell specialization? (1 sentence)
Temperature and nutrient availability are two examples of environmental factors that can alter a cell’s function.
How do neighbouring cells affect cell specialization? (2 points)
-When cells are close together, substances they produce can diffuse into the neighbouring cell.
-It is possible that the substance will change how the DNA of the cell is being expressed.
Tissues Definition
A group of specialized cells.
What is the organization of the body of an animal and a human?
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Systems
What are the four main types of tissue?
- Epithelial
- Muscle
- Nervous
- Connective
What does Epithelial tissue do? (2 Points)
-Lines the surface of the body, both as a body covering and between internal organs.
-Made of cells with strong connections between adjoining cell membranes, so they form a barrier.
What are 2 types of Epithelial Tissue?
-Skin Epithelia
-Columnar Epithelia
Characteristics of Skin Epithelia (1 point)?
-Made of thin, flat cells that form sheets and act as a semi-permeable barrier between the inside and outside of a body.
Characteristics of Columnar Epithelia (2 points)?
-Made of columns of cells that line the small intestine, the stomach, and glands.
-May secrete mucus, have finger-like projections called cilia, and or absorb materials.
What does Muscle tissue do? (2 Points)
-Designed to change their shape.
-Act by shortening or lengthening.
What are 3 types of Muscle Tissue?
-Skeletal Muscle
-Smooth Muscle
-Cardiac Muscle
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle (3 Points)
-Made of cells that line up in the same direction, making the tissue look striped or striated.
-Attaches to bone, making it possible for the body to move.
-Is found in limbs, like arms and legs, and places where the body needs support, such as around the lower abdomen and back.
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle (3 Points)
-Made of cells that are tapered at both ends and do not have a striated appearance.
-Is found in blood vessels and walls of internal organs like the esophagus and stomach.
-Contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle, but its action can be sustained for a long time.
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle (4 Points)
-Made of cells whose nuclei sometimes appear to be between cells.
-Are branched and unevenly striated.
-Contracts as a unit.
-Found only in the heart.
What does Nervous Tissue do? (2 Points)
-Made of cells called neurons, which have finger-like projections to receive and transfer signals.
-Coordinates body actions
Characteristics of Nervous Tissue (1 point and 2 subpoints)
-Are varied in their actions:
-Some relay signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands.
-Others detect information from their environment and trigger the body’s responses.
What does Connective Tissue do? (2 Points)
-Strengthens, supports, protects, binds, or connects cells and tissues.
-Consists of cells in an extracellular matrix that can range from a liquid (in blood) to elastic materials that can stretch (in ligaments) to mineral deposits (in bone).
Three Types of Connective Tissue
-Bone
-Fat (Adipose Tissue)
-Blood
Characteristics of Bone (2 Points)
-Made of cells surrounded by calcium-hardened tissue through which blood cells run.
-Needed for movement, support, and protection.
Characteristics of Fat (3 Points)
-Made of large, tightly packed cells.
-Found under the skin and around the organs.
-Needed for energy storage, padding, and insulation.
Characteristics of Blood (4 points)
-Includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet within a straw-coloured liquid matrix called plasma.
-Transports nutrients and oxygen.
-Clots when the skin is cut.
-Attacks invaders such as bacteria and viruses.
Stem Cell Definition
An unspecialized cell that can produce various specialized cells.
Textbook Question #2 on page 92.
Depending on comfort level.
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 2?
Columnar Epithelia
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 3?
Skeletal Muscle
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 4?
Bone
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 5?
Smooth Muscle
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 6?
Cardiac Muscle
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 7?
Nervous Tissue
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 8?
Skin Epithelia
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 9?
Fat (Adipose) Tissue
What Type of Tissue is on Slide 10?
Blood
