Moving Water Through the Systems

Question 1

What are the two main organ systems of a plant?

Answer 1

The Root System and the Shoot System

Question 2

Root System Definition

Answer 2

An organ system in a plant, which takes in water and minerals from the soil and transports these substances to the shoot system.

Question 3

Shoot System Definition

Answer 3

An organ system in a plant, which supports the plant, peforms photosynthesis, and transports sap.

Question 4

System Definition

Answer 4

In biology, a group of tissues and organs that perform specific functions.

Question 5

What does the Root System Consist of and what does it Constantly do?

Answer 5

-All roots that lie below the surface of the ground.
-Constantly growing to keep up with resource demand.

Question 6

What is the responsibility of the Shoot System?

Answer 6

-Responsible for support, photosynthesis, and transporting water and nutrients.

Question 7

What systems are Fruits and Flower considered part of?

Answer 7

Either the shoot system or a separate system

Question 8

How are root and shoot systems connected?

Answer 8

By flow of water, hormones, and nutrients through vascular bundles.

Question 9

What do Vascular Bundles contain?

Answer 9

Xylem and Phloem

Question 10

What does the Xylem do?

Answer 10

Moves water and mineral from roots to other parts of the plant.

Question 11

What does the Phloem do?

Answer 11

Moves sugars produced by photosynthesis.

Question 12

Cells in xylem die at maturity, which means that xylem tissue does not:

Answer 12

Use any of the plant’s energy sources

Question 13

Cells in phloem stay alive, which means that phloem tissue does:

Answer 13

Use some of the plant’s energy sources.

Question 14

In some circumstances, plants can survive without soil, but they cannot survive without:

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

What does insufficient water supply in the soil prevent?

Answer 15

Nutrient Uptake

Question 16

Nutrients need to be what before they can be absorbed?

Answer 16

Dissolved

Question 17

In what form do nutrients move up the xylem?

Answer 17

Sap

Question 18

What does insufficient water supply in the leaves prevent?

Answer 18

Photosynthesis

Question 19

What happens if a plant has too much water? (3 Points)

Answer 19

-The spaces that exist between soil molecules are meant for oxygen to aid the cellular respiration process.
-If this space is filled with water, the root cells will have an oxygen deficiency.
-To keep water moving, the root and shoot systems must work together.

Question 20

How does Water Move Upward (2 Points)

Answer 20

-Pushed by Root Pressure
-Pulled as a result of Transpiration

Question 21

Most water is pulled up from the roots as a result of what?

Answer 21

Transpiration

Question 22

However, at night, when transpiration is low, what can account for a few metres of movement of water through the plant?

Answer 22

Root Pressure

Question 23

How does water move via root pressure (6 points)?

Answer 23

1. Root cells bring minerals into the xylem
2. Mineral concentration in xylem increases.
3. High concentration increases the chances of water diffusing into root xylem by osmosis.
4. Root pressure builds in xylem vessels.
5. Pressure forces fluids up the xylem.
6. Water flows in.

Question 24

What do the xylem tissues end in?

Answer 24

Leaves

Question 25

What turns to water vapour between the cells in the middle of a leaf?

Answer 25

Water

Question 26

What is some of this water used for/what does it do?

Answer 26

-Some is used for photosynthesis.
-Most evaporates when stomata opens.

Question 27

Cohesion Definition

Answer 27

The ability of water’s molecules to cling to each other, holds the water column together.

Question 28

Adhesion Definition

Answer 28

Helps water fight the force of gravity. It is the tendency of water molecules to adhere to surfaces.

Question 29

How are Cohesion, Adhesion, and the Water Column related?

Answer 29

-Negative water potential draws water into the root.
-Cohesion and Adhesion draw water up the xylem.
-Transpiration draws water from the leaf.

Question 30

What happens if the amount of water vapour is large?

Answer 30

Then the guard cells open the stomata so that vapour can move out of the leaves.

Question 31

What happens if the amount of water vapour is small?

Answer 31

Then the guard cells relax and the stomata close.

Question 32

How does Transpiration work (4 Points)?

Answer 32

1. The Sun causes water to evaporate.
2. Transpiration of water from leaves creates tension that pulls on the water column in the xylem.
3. The water column is held together by cohesion; adhesion keeps the water column in place
4. Water from the soil enters the xylem in the roots; tension in the water column extends from the leaves to the roots.

Question 33

How do Nutrients move through the systems (4 Points)

Answer 33

-Photosynthesis produces glucose.
-Glucose is either used or combined with other molecules to make sucrose and other carbohydrates.
-At some point, the plant will require starch (which is stored in the roots).
-Because starch cannot be transported through the stem, starch is converted into sucrose so it can dissolve in water and travel through the stem as sap.