Photosynthesis

Question 1

Cuticle

Answer 1

Produced by the upper epidermis of a plant in order to protect the leaf from water loss through evaporation

Question 2

Upper Epidermis

Answer 2

Top layer of the leaf

Question 3

Palisade Parenchyma

Answer 3

Below the upper epidermis and contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 4

Stroma

Answer 4

Fluid filled region inside of a chloroplast

Question 5

Grana

Answer 5

Stacks of thylakoids

Question 6

Thylakoids

Answer 6

Disk-like structures that make up the grana and contain chlorophyll

Question 7

Spongy Parenchyma

Answer 7

Allows for diffusion of gases within the leaf

Question 8

Vascular Bundles

Answer 8

Transport materials throughout the plant

Question 9

Xylem and Phloem

Answer 9

Make up the vascular bundles

Question 10

Lower Epidermis

Answer 10

Lowest part of the leaf

Question 11

Stomates

Answer 11

Allow for gas exchange and transpiration

Question 12

Guard Cells

Answer 12

Control the opening and closing of the stomates

Question 13

Stages of Photosynthesis

Answer 13

• Light Reaction

- Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

Question 14

Photons

Answer 14

Energy units

Question 15

Light Absorbing Pigments in Photosynthesis

Answer 15

• Chlorophyll A
• Chlorophyll B
• Carotenoids

Question 16

Reaction Center

Answer 16

Capable of transforming light energy to chemical energy

Question 17

Antenna Pigments

Answer 17

Gather light and bounce the energy to the reaction center

Question 18

Types of Reaction Centers

Answer 18

• Photosystem I

- Photosystem II

Question 19

P680

Answer 19

Reaction center of Photosystem II, has a max absorption rate of 680 nanometers

Question 20

P700

Answer 20

Reaction center of Photosystem I, has a max absorption rate of 700 nanometers

Question 21

Photophosphorylation

Answer 21

When light is used to make ATP

Question 22

Photolysis

Answer 22

Splitting water by using light

Question 23

NADPH

Answer 23

The final electron acceptor in Photosystem I

Question 24

Noncyclic Phosphorylation

Answer 24

• P680 in Photosystem II captures light and passes it along an ETS to make ATP
• P700 in Photosystem I captures light and passes it along an ETS to make NADPH
• Water is split to release electrons, H+ ions, and Oxygen

Question 25

Cyclic Phosphorylation

Answer 25

- P700 in Photosystem I captures light and passes it along an ETS to make ATP - NADPH is not produced and water is not split

Question 26

Carbon Fixation

Answer 26

CO2 from the air is converted into carbohydrates

Question 27

Calvin Cycle

Answer 27

Dark reactions of photosynthesis that produces glucose

Question 28

Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP)

Answer 28

5-Carbon compound that combines with CO2 to make an unstable 6-Carbon compound

Question 29

Rubisco

Answer 29

Combines CO2 and RuBP together

Question 30

C3 Pathway

Answer 30

Using a three carbon molecule to make glucose

Question 31

Photorespiration

Answer 31

The pathway that leads to the fixation of oxygen

Question 32

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Answer 32

Combines with CO2 to make oxaloacetate

Question 33

PEP Carboxylase

Answer 33

Fixes PEP and converts ocaloacetate into malate

Question 34

C4 Pathway

Answer 34

Using a four carbon molecule to make glucose

Question 35

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Photosynthesis

Answer 35

Dark reactions occur at night, when stomata are closed