Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Cell Reproduction > Flashcards

Cell Reproduction Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Epidermal Cells

A

Skin Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell Division

A

The process of creating new cells from an existing one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell Cycle

A

The life cycle of a cell (“birth” to death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Periods of the Cell Cycle

A
  • Interphase

- Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interphase

A

The time span from one cell division to another (Cell grows and functions normally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interphase Stages

A
  • G1 Phase
  • G2 Phase
  • S Phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S Phase

A

The cell replicates its genetic material in order to prepare for mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

A pair of identical chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Centromere

A

Holds the chromatids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

G1 and G2 Phase

A

Enzymes and proteins are made in order to prepare for mitosis (along with organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mitosis Stages

A
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prophase

A
  • Nucleolus disappears
  • Chromosomes thicken and become visible
  • Centrioles move towards opposite ends of the cell
  • Spindle Fibers attach to the kinetochores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromatin

A

Invisible DNA that is scattered throughout the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spindle Fibers

A

A system of microtubules made by centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kinetochore

A

Part of the centromere of a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Metaphase Plate

A

The equatorial region of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids are separated by the contraction of the spindle fibers and the cell is pushed in opposite directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Telophase

A

A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes and the nucleoli reappear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Splitting of cytoplasm between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cleavage Furrow

A

Forms during Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cell Plate

A

Forms during Cytokinesis in plant Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diploid Cell

A

A cell that has two sets of chromosomes

24
Q

Haploid Cell

A

A cell that has one set of chromosomes

25
Q

Homologues

A

Pairs of the same chromosome

26
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Make up each pair and are similar in size and shape, also express similar traits

27
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells that are haploid

28
Q

Meiosis

A

Each parent contributes a set of chromosomes to the child in order for the child to form gametes of its own

29
Q

Gonads

A

Sex/Reproductive Organs

30
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

31
Q

Ovaries

A

Female gonads

32
Q

Germ Cells

A

Type of cell within the gonads that produce haploid gametes

33
Q

Rounds of Meiosis

A
  • Meiosis I

- Meiosis II

34
Q

Meiosis I Stages

A
  • Prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I
35
Q

Prophase I

A
  • Nuclear membrane disappears
  • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
  • Homologous chromosomes line up side by side
  • Crossing over occurs
36
Q

Synapsis

A

The lining up of homologous chromosomes

37
Q

Tetrad/Bivalent

A

Consists of four chromatids

38
Q

Crossing-Over

A

The exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes

39
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of the same gene

40
Q

Chiasmata

A

Regions where the homologous chromosomes are held together as the result of crossing-over

41
Q

Metaphase I

A

Tetrads line up at the metaphase plate

42
Q

Anaphase I

A

Tetrads are separated and moved towards opposite poles

43
Q

Telophase I

A

The nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

44
Q

Meiosis II

A

The second round of meiosis that results in four genetically different gametes

45
Q

Gameteogenesis

A

The creation of gametes

46
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The creation of sperm cells

47
Q

Oogenesis

A

The creation of a ovum or female egg

48
Q

Polar Bodies

A

Three other cells that are produced during oogenesis that are reabsorbed by the female

49
Q

Nondisjunction

A

Chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis

50
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Defect that occurs due to three copies of Chromosome 21

51
Q

Operon

A

The region of bacterial DNA that regulates gene expression

52
Q

Structural Genes

A

Genes that code for enzymes needed in a chemical reaction

53
Q

Promoter Gene

A

The region where the RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription

54
Q

Operator

A

The region that controls whether or not transcription will occur

55
Q

Regulatory Gene

A

Codes for a specific regulatory protein called the repressor

56
Q

Repressor

A

Capable of attaching to the operator and blocking transcription

57
Q

Inducer

A

Binds to the repressor and releases it from the operator, allowing transcription to occur

AP Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions