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AP Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

Change in a population over time

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2
Q

Natural Selection

A

The driving force of evolution that operates on the level of an individual

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3
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Father of Evolution

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4
Q

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

A

Proposed that acquired traits were passed on to offspring

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5
Q

Paleontology

A

The study of fossils

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6
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of the distribution of flora and fauna in the environment

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7
Q

Flora

A

Plants

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8
Q

Fauna

A

Animals

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9
Q

Embryology

A

The study of the development of an organism

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10
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

The study of the anatomy between various animals

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11
Q

Homologous Structures

A

Structures that look similar but have different functions

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12
Q

Analogous Structures

A

Structures that look different but have the same function

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13
Q

Molecular Biology

A

The study of life at the molecular level

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14
Q

Genetic Variability

A

The differences among each individual in a population

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15
Q

Random Mutation

A

Random changes in DNA that can be either beneficial or harmful to an organism

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16
Q

Directional Selection

A

One phenotype was favored at one of the extremes of the normal distribution of organisms

17
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

Means that an organisms in a population with extreme traits was eliminated

18
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

Favors both extremes and selects against common traits

19
Q

Species

A

Organisms are a species when they cannot reproduce and have viable offspring with another organism

20
Q

Speciation

A

The emergence of new species

21
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

Results in closely related species with different behaviors and traits

22
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

Two unrelated and dissimilar species come to have similar traits

23
Q

Allopatric Specitation

A

A population becomes separated from the species through a geographical barrier

24
Q

Sympatric Speciation

A

New species form alongside each other

25
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Law

A

States that even with all the shuffling of genes that occurs, the relative frequencies of genotypes in a species are still there

26
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equation

A

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

27
Q

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium Requirements

A
  • Large Population
  • No Mutations
  • No Immigration/Emigration
  • No Natural Selection
  • Random Mating
28
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Movement of a population from or into a gene pool

AP Biology (10 decks)

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