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AP Biology > Heredity > Flashcards

Heredity Flashcards

1
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of Genetics

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2
Q

Trait

A

An expressed characteristic

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3
Q

Genes

A

Hereditary factors that determine traits

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4
Q

Locus

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

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5
Q

Allele

A

Alternate form of the same gene

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6
Q

Dominant Allele

A

An allele that will always be expressed in spite of the presence of a recessive trait

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7
Q

Recessive Allele

A

An allele that will only be expressed when there is another recessive trait

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8
Q

Homozygous

A

The organism has two identical alleles for the same trait

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9
Q

Heterozygous

A

The organism has different alleles for the same trait, but only the Dominant Allele is expressed

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an organism

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11
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

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12
Q

P1 Generation

A

The parent generation in an experiment

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13
Q

F1 Generation

A

The offspring of the P1 Generation

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14
Q

F2 Generation

A

The offspring of the F1 Generation and grandoffspring of the P1 Generation

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15
Q

Principles of Genetics

A
  • Law of Dominance
  • Law of Segregation
  • Law of Independent Assortment
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16
Q

Law of Dominance

A

The Dominant Allele will always be expressed when crossing a true-breeding dominant organism and true-breeding recessive organism

17
Q

Monohybrid Cross

A

Only one trait is being studied

18
Q

Punnett Square

A

Used to predict the outcome of hypothetical crosses between two organisms

19
Q

Law of Segregation

A

All genotypes that could result from a cross are possible

20
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

Each trait is crossed independently and all genotypes for each trait are possible

21
Q

Dihybrid Cross

A

Two traits are being studied

22
Q

Test Cross

A

A way to determine a genotype of one of the parents

23
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

Traits will blend

24
Q

Codominance

A

Equal expression of both alleles

25
Q

Polygenetic Inheritance

A

A trait results from the interaction of many genes

26
Q

Multiple Alleles

A

Some traits are the product of multiple alleles on the same locus

27
Q

Linked Genes

A

Genes on the same chromosome that move together during the crossing over period

28
Q

Autosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine specific traits

29
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that determine the gender of the offspring

30
Q

Sex-Linked Traits

A

Traits that are carried on sex chromosomes

31
Q

Examples of Sex Linked Traits

A
  • Color Blindness
  • Hemophilia
  • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Vitamin D Resistant Rickets
  • Hereditary Nephritis
  • Juvinile Gout

AP Biology (10 decks)

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