Photosynthesis Flashcards
What do plants need energy for?
Photosynthesis, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis
What do animals need energy for?
Muscle contraction, body temp maintenance, active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis
How do plants make glucose?
Photosynthesis
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water -> sugar + oxygen
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> C6H12O6 +6O2
How do animals obtain glucose?
Eating plants or other animals
What is the process where living cells release energy from glucose?
Respiration
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration using oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is the metabolic pathway?
A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes
What is phosphorylation
Adding phosphate to a molecule
What is photophosphorylation?
Adding phosphate to a molecule using light
What is photolysis?
The splitting of a molecule using light
What is hydrolysis?
The splitting of a molecule using water
What is decarboxylation?
The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule
What is dehydrogenation?
The removal of hydrogen from a molecule
What are redox reactions?
Reactions that involve oxidation or reduction
What happens to something that has been reduced?
It has gained electrons and may have gained hydrogen or lost oxygen
What happens to something if it has been oxidised?
It has lost electrons and may have lost hydrogen or gained oxygen
What is a coenzyme?
A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme
What is the coenzyme used in photosynthesis?
NADP
What does NAPD do in photosynthesis?
Transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another so it can reduce or oxidise a molecule
Where does photosynthesis take place?
In the chloroplast of plant cells
What are chloroplasts?
Small flattened organelles found in plant cells that are the location for photosynthesis in plants
What is the chloroplast envelope?
The double membrane that chloroplasts have
What are thylakoids?
Fluid filled sacs that are stacked up in the chloroplast into the structures called grana
What are grana linked together by?
Lamellae
What are photosynthetic pigments?
Coloured substances that absorb light energy needed for photosynthesis
What are accessory pigments?
Pigments that can absorb light and pass it down to a primary pigment
What do chloroplasts have in the stroma?
DNA
What are the two photosystems?
PSI (680nm) and PSII (700nm)
What are carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis stored as and where?
Stores as starch grains in the stroma
What are the two stages of photosynthesis
The light dependant stage and the light independent stage
